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Volume 4 Issue 1

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Open Access online publishing journal from Africa

ISSN; 2411-1376 

An African Official Scientific journal

Original Research Article 1

Title: Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activity of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl

Authors: N. Sugumar, * S. Karthikeyan, T. Gowdhami

Affiliation: Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract:
Objective: To investigate antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl Methods: The study was done by using various In vitro methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Nitric oxide, Superoxide anion radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, Iron chelating, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, (FRAP) and Total antioxidant activity. Phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract at different concentrations (50,100,150,200 and 250 µg/mL) were determined. Results: Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC50values in DPPH (116.7 µg/mL), Superoxide anion(165.0 µg/mL), ABTS (326.0 µg/mL), Nitric oxide(172.1µg/mL), H2O2(153.7µg/mL),Iron chelating (208.4µg/mL) FRAP(265.0µg/mL) and Total antioxidant activity(226.0µg/mL). Furthermore the TPC (37.48) and TFC (44.28) of the extract were found to be 40.77 Gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and 48.56 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of extract respectively. Conclusions: The results of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid contents and potential antioxidant activity and could be used as a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutriceuticals applications.

Keywords: Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, Phytochemical screening, TPC, TFC, Antioxidant activity

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Original Research Article 2

Title: In vivo comparative study of different variants of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. for free radical scavenging activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Authors: Arora Asha* 1, Paliwal Vinita 2 and Jain Hetal 3

Affiliation: 1  Deptt. of Biotechnology, B N P G College, Udaipur (Raj.) India
                      2 Deptt. of Botany, B N College, Rajsamand (Raj.) India

Abstract:
Ethnically Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don. is deployed in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related oxidant pathologies, but none of the ethno-medicinal documentation or its further clinical evaluation specifies its variant/s. Therefore, the present study was targeted to sieve out the most efficient variant through in vivo screening of its six variants i.e. pacifica white , cora white , albus with red eye , peppermint cooler, pacifica liliac and grape cooler. Experimental diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal streptozotocin and glibenclamide was used as a reference drug to mark the equi-marker biochemical profile of the variant. Four biochemical parameters viz. (i) glycemic status –plasma insulin and Cpeptide (ii) enzymatic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (iii) non- enzymatic antioxidants- total reduced glutathione, Vitamin C and Vitamin E and (iv) lipid peroxidation were evaluated in different experimental groups. Among the screened variants pacifica white and cora white were akin to reference drug, variant albus with red eye signified negligible hypoglycemic effect while others showed differential array in regulation of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Catharanthus roseus, Streptozotocin, Glibenclamide , pacifica white, cora white , albus with red eye , peppermint cooler, pacifica liliac, grape cooler

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Original Research Article 3

Title: Effect of side stream cigarette smoke exposure on antioxidant defense on mice lung tissue and prevention by vitamin-E and vitamin-C

Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Thirumalai1, M. Akkulu Naidu2, Ernest David3*

Affiliation:  1 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Voorhees College, Vellore - 632001(T.N.) India.
                       2 Department of Biotechnology, Mandsaur Institute of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh-458001
                       3 Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore-632115 (T.N.) India.

Abstract:
Objective: Chronic cigarette smoke (CS) induces significant inflammation leading to emphysema due to an imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant mechanism. Methods: The mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight mice’s each. Wistar mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 16 weeks, 2 cigarettes for 15 min/ twice daily, 6 days/wk. The control animals (C) inhaled clean room air. Biochemical markers in blood and lung tissues were analyzed. Results: Present study revealed that the CS induced oxidative stress enhanced the lipid peroxidation indicated by augmented levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in lung tissue. The increased activity levels of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), decreased activity levels of superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the lung tissue of CS exposed animals indicate the augmented oxidative stress. The antioxidants vitamins duo E and C were significant decreased in the serum of CS exposed animals. The studies on the Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed alveolar macrophage apoptosis in CS animals. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the supplementation of vitamin E and C (50 mg/kg body weight) attenuate the effects of oxidative study in CS exposed animals.

Key words: Ascorbic acid, Cigarette smoke, Free radicals, Oxidative stress, Vitamins

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Original Research Article 4

Title: Biochemical changes induced by Butachlor, pre-emergent herbicide to sub lethal concentrations in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Authors: Karra Somaiah1* and Kanikaram Sunita2

Affiliation: 1 Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India
                      2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract:
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of acute and chronic toxicity of Butachlor, herbicide on biochemical indices of Indian major carp Labeo rohita. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of Butachlor was found to be 0.85 mgl- 1 by using Finney’s Probit Method. Fish were exposed to sublethal doses of 1/10th 96 h LC50 (0.21 mgl-1) and the alterations were evaluated by using various methods for the period of 1day and 10 days respectively. A significant increase in AST, activity was observed in muscle (75.82 % - highest), kidney (0.88% - lowest), ALT activity was noticed in kidney (64.82 % - highest) and in muscle (2.70 % - lowest), the ACP activity level elevated was observed in kidney (28.82 % - highest) and in gill (1.71% - lowest). The acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme decreased was observed in kidney (52.24 % - highest) and in muscle (1.17 % -lowest) for 1day. Similarly, during 10 days sublethal exposure, AST activity elevated in kidney (86.59 % - highest) and intestine (58.96 % - lowest), ALT activity also increased in kidney (138.66 % - highest) and (42.01 % - lowest) in gill tissues. The ACP percent change was noticed in brain (48.64% - highest) and (26.51% - lowest) in kidney. The AChE activity decreased in kidney (75.17% - highest) and in intestine (48.84 % - lowest), compared to the control group fish (P < 0.05) during the experimentation. Hence, the percent change of biochemical constituent’s has gradually increased or decreased due to of internal organ in all tissues. This might be due to enhanced enzyme turnover under pesticide stress.

Key words:Labeo rohita, ALT, ACP, AChE, Butachlor and Toxicity

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Volume 2 Issue 4