South Asian Media Net

Search:

E-mail:

User ID:

@southasianmedia.net

Password:

About Us	Viewers' Post	Archives	Major Issues	Country Profiles	SAFMA	South Asian Journal	Media Monitor
Latest News:

HOME
Pakistan
	Brief Facts
	History
	People
	Geography
	Ethnology
	Religions
	Languages
	Civilizations
	Art & Culture
	Festivals
	Political System
	Government
	Political Parties
	Elections
	Leading Personalities
	Economy
	Trade
	Investment
	Human Resources
	Environment
	Civil Society
	Human Rights
	Minorities
	Women
	Foreign Relations
	Security
	Intra-State Conflicts
	Inter-State Conflicts
	District Profiles

Introduction
Urdu	Punjabi	Sindhi	Balochi
Pashto	Siraiki	Brahvi

Introduction

Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Islam-i Jamhuriya-e Pakistan. National or official languages: Urdu, Sindhi, English. 148,166,000 (1998 UN). Literacy rate 26%. Also includes Indian Sign Language, Parsi 20,000, Turkmen, Uyghur, Southern Uzbek 50,000, Arabic 122,000, Chinese 6,000. Information mainly from R.F. Strand 1973; G. Morgenstierne 1974; C. Shackle 1979, 1980; J.C. Sharma 1982; J.S. Addleton 1986; J.R. Payne 1987; C.P. Masica 1991; C. O'Leary 1992. Muslim, Hindu, Christian (1981 census). Blind population 1,500,000. Deaf population 7,398,329. Deaf institutions: 31. Data accuracy estimate: B. The number of languages listed for Pakistan is 69. Of those, all are living languages. Diversity index 0.83.

Spoken living languages

Language	Number of Speakers	Area	Dialects	Classification
AER (Alternate names: Barbari, Berberi, Chahar-Aimaq, Char Aimaq)	100 to 200 (1998)		JIKRIO GOTH AER, JAMESABAD AER. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.	Lower Sindh, Jikrio Goth near Kunri around Deh 333, Hyderabad, and at Jamesabad. Others are reported to have migrated to India at Partition in 1947, living in the Kach Bhuj area in Gujarat.
BADESHI [BDZ]			Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Unclassified.	Upper reaches of Bishigram (Chail) Valley, east of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. One village.
BAGRI [BGQ]	200,000 in Pakistan, including 100,000 in Sind Province (1998).		AGARI, BAGRIA, BAGRIS, BAORIAS, BAHGRI, BAWRI In the Sindh and Punjab. Alternate names: B	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Unclassified.
BALOCHI, EASTERN [BGP]	1,800,000 in Pakistan (1998)		Population total both countries 1,805,000. Including second language users of all Balochi languages: 5,000,000 (1999 WA). Alternate names: BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI. Classification	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
BALOCHI, SOUTHERN [BCC]	2,765,000 in Pakistan (1998) Population total all countries 3,400,000		BALUCHI, BALUCI, BALOCI, MAKRANI. Dialects: COASTAL BALOCHI, KECHI, MAKRANI (LOTUNI).	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
BALOCHI, WESTERN [BGN]	1,116,000 in Pakistan (1998) Population total all countries 1,800,000		BALUCHI, BALOCI, BALUCI. Dialects: RAKHSHANI (RAXSHANI), SARAWANI	Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
BALTI [BFT]	270,000 in Pakistan or 90% of the Baltistan population (1992) Population total both countries 333,640.		SBALTI, BALTISTANI, BHOTIA OF BALTISTAN
BATERI [BTV]	20,000 to 30,000 in Pakistan (1992)		Population total both countries 22,000 to 45,000 or more BATERI KOHISTANI, BATERA KOHISTANI, BATERAWAL, BATERAWAL KOHISTANI	ndo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani
BHAYA [BHE]	70 to 700 (1998)	Lower Sindh	Kapri Goth near Samaro, near Khipro, Jamesabad, Mir ke goth, Mirpurkhas, Phuladia, a few families in Hyderabad	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Unclassified.
BRAHUI [BRH]	2,000,000 in Pakistan (1998), 1.2% of the population.		JHARAWAN, KALAT, SARAWAN. Classification: Dravidian, Northern.	BRAHUIDI, BIRAHUI, BRAHUIGI, KUR GALLI. Population total all countries 2,210,000
BURUSHASKI [BSK]	55,000 to 60,000 (1981)		Population total both countries 55,000 to 60,000 BRUSHASKI, BURUSHAKI, BURUCAKI, BURUSHKI, BURUCASKI, BILTUM, KHAJUNA, KUNJUT NAGAR (NAGIR), HUNZA, YASIN (WERCHIKWAR)	Language Isolate
CHILISSO [CLH]	1,600 to 3,000 (1992 SIL)	Indus Kohistan, east bank of the Indus River	All may not be speakers. Scattered families in the Koli, Palas, Jalkot ,CHILISS, GALOS	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani.
DAMELI [DML]	5,000 (1992 SIL)		In the Damel Valley, about 32 miles south of Drosh in southern Chitral District, on the east side of the Kunar River 11.	DAMEL, DAMEDI, DAMIA, GUDOJI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kuna
DEHWARI [DEH]	13,000 possibly (1998)	Central Balochistan, in Kalat and Mastung.	DEGHWARI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian
DHATKI [MKI]	200,000 (1919 Grierson), 100,000 in Sind (1987), probably many more	Lower Sind in Tharparkar and Sanghar districts	DHATI. Dialects: EASTERN DHATKI, SOUTHERN DHATKI, CENTRAL DHATKI, BARAGE, MALHI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari
DOMAAKI [DMK]	500 (1989)	Gilgit District, Northern Areas, mainly in Hunza Valley, Mominabad village, a few households in Big Nagar, Shishkat (Gojal), Dumial in Gilgit, Oshkandas (east of Gilgit), and Bakor village in Punyal	DUMAKI, DOMA	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina
FARSI, EASTERN [PRS]	1,000,000 in Pakistan, plus 1,400 in Madaglasht, and many refugees (1992 SIL)	Southeast Chitral, Madaglasht village of Shishi Koh Valley, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi, other large cities	DARI, TAJIK, MADAGLASHTI, BADAKHSHI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
GAWAR-BATI [GWT]	1,500 in Pakistan plus refugees (1992)	Southern Chitral, Arandu, and several villages along the Kunar River south of Arandu	GOWAR-BATI, GOWARI, ARANDUI, SATRE, NARSATI, NARISATI
GHERA [GHR]	10,000 or fewer (1998)	A single colony in Hyderabad, between the main bus stop and the railway station. Speakers say more than 90% of the people remained in Surat and Ahmedabad, India	SINDHI GHERA, BARA	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Unclassified
GOARIA [GIG]	20,000 to 25,000 (1998)	All towns in Sindh Province except Karachi: including Larkana, Sukkur, Moro, Badin, Umerkot. They claim to have come from Jodhpur Rajasthan, India, where there may be more.		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari
GOWRO [GWF]	200 or fewer (1990)	Indus Kohistan on the eastern bank, Kolai area, Mahrin village	GABARO, GABAR KHEL	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani
GUJARATI [GJR]	Lower Punjab, Sindh			Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
GUJARI [GJU] UJURI, GUJURI RAJASTHANI, GUJER, GOJRI, GOGRI, GOJARI, GUJJARI, KASHMIR GUJURI	300,000 or more in Pakistan (1992) including 2,910 in Chitral (1969), 20,000 in Swat Kohistan (1987), 200,000 to 700,000 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1989)		300,000 or more in Pakistan (1992) including 2,910 in Chitral (1969), 20,000 in Swat Kohistan (1987), 200,000 to 700,000 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1989) WESTERN GUJARI, EASTERN GUJARI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Unclassified
GURGULA [GGG]	30,000 to 35,000 (1998)	indh Province, largest concentration in Bhens Colony, Karachi, others in smaller urban centers through Sindh, including Mirpur Khas, Shahdadpur, Panj, Moro, Sabura and Tando Allahyar	MARWARI GHERA	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Unclassified
HAZARAGI [HAZ]	110,000 to 220,000 in Pakistan, including many recent refugees from Afghanistan (1998)	Quetta (100,000 to 200,000, Karachi and Islamabad (10,000), some villages in rural Sindh	AZARGI, HAZARA, HEZAREH	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian
HINDKO, NORTHERN [HNO]	1,875,000 (1981 census)Both Hindko languages had 305,505 households, 2.4% of the population (1981 census)	Total Hindko in Pakistan 3,000,000 (1993)	Hazara Division, Mansehra and Abbotabad districts, Indus and Kaghan valleys and valleys of Indus tributaries, NWFP. Rural and urban. HAZARA HINDKO, HINDKI, KAGHANI, KAGANI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda
HINDKO, SOUTHERN [HIN]	625,000 (1981 census)	Attock District, Punjab Province, and into the southernmost portion of Hazara Division, NWFP; Kohat and Peshawar districts, NWFP. Rural and urban	PESHAWAR HINDKO (PESHAWARI), ATTOCK HINDKO (ATTOCK-HARIPUR HINDKO), KOHAT HINDKO (KOHATI), RURAL PESHAWAR HINDKO	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda
JADGALI [JAV]	100,000 (1998)		opulation total both countries 100,000. JATGALI, JATKI, JAT	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi
JANDAVRA [JND]	5,000 (1998)	Southern Sindh Province from Hyderabad to east of Mirpur Khas. Reported to be many more in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India	JHANDORIA	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
KABUTRA [KBU]	1,000 (1998)		Sindh, some concentrations around Umerkot, Kunri, and Nara Dhoro. Speakers say that 90% of the people remain in the Zal area of Marwar, India. NAT, NATRA.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi.
KACHCHI [KFR] KACHCHHI, KUTCHCHI, CUCHI, CUTCH, KUTCHIE, KACHI, KATCH, KAUTCHY, KATCHI	50,000 or more in Pakistan (1998)		JADEJI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi
KALAMI [GWC]	40,000 (1987)	Upper Swat Kohistan from between Peshmal and Kalam north to upper valleys above Kalam, also in Dir Kohistan, in Thal, Lamuti (Kinolam), Biar (Jiar), and Rajkot (Patrak) villages. People at Khata Khotan, China, are reported to be related, recognized by their clothing and language	GARWI, GAWRI, GOWRI, GARWA, GAAWRO, KALAMI KOHISTANI, KOHISTANI, KOHISTANA, BASHKARIK, BASHGHARIK, DIR KOHISTANI, DIRI, DIRWALI. Dialects: KALAM, USHU, THAL, LAMUTI (LAMTI), RAJKOTI (PATRAK), DASHWA.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani.
KALASHA [KLS]	2,900 to 5,700 (1992)	The largest village is Balanguru in Rumbur Valley. Southern Kalasha is in Urtsun Valley; Northern Kalasha in Rumbur, Bumboret, and Birir valleys	KALASHAMON, KALASH. Dialects: SOUTHERN KALASHA (URTSUN), NORTHERN KALASHA (RUMBUR, BUMBORET, BIRIR)	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Chitral.
KALKOTI [XKA]	4,000 or more (1990)	Dir Kohistan, NWFP, in Kalkot village. A little more than half the people in the village are speakers		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani
KAMVIRI [QMV]	1,500 to 2,000 in Pakistan plus refugees (1992)	Southern Chitral District, Langorbat or Lamerot, Badrugal, and the Urtsun Valley.	AMDESHI, KAMIK, LAMERTIVIRI, SHEKHANI. Dialects: KAMVIRI, SHEKHANI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Nuristani.
KASHMIRI [KSH] KASCHEMIRI, KACMIRI, KESHURI, CASHMIRI, CASHMEEREE	105,000 in Pakistan (1993)	Jammu and Kashmir, south of Shina		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kashmiri
KATI [BSH] KATIVIRI, BASHGALI, NURISTANI.	3,700 to 5,100 Eastern Kativiri in Pakistan, plus refugees (1992)	Eastern Kativiri is in the Chitral District; in Gobar in the Lutkuh Valley, Kunisht in the Rumbur Valley, Shekhanan Deh in the Bumboret Valley, and in the Urtsun Valley.	EASTERN KATIVIRI (SHEKHANI), WESTERN KATIVIRI, MUMVIRI.	ndo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Nuristani.
KHETRANI [QKT]	A few thousand (1987)	Northeast Balochistan Province		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
KHOWAR [KHW] KHAWAR, CHITRALI, CITRALI, CHITRARI, ARNIYA, PATU, QASHQARI, KASHKARI	222,800 (1992)	Chitral; Shandur Pass to Fupis in Ghizr Valley, Yasin and Ishkhoman valleys in Gilgit Agency, Ushu in northern Swat Valley, and large communities in Peshawar and Rawalpindi.	NORTH KHOWAR, SOUTH KHOWAR, EAST KHOWAR, SWAT KHOWAR	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Chitral.
KOHISTANI, INDUS [MVY] KOHISTANI, KOHISTE, KHILI, MAIYON, MAIR, MAIYÃ, SHUTHUN	220,000 (1993)	Indus Kohistan District on the western bank of the Indus River.	INDUS (MANI, SEO, PATTAN, JIJAL), DUBER-KANDIA (MANZARI, KHILI)	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani
KOLI, KACHI [GJK] KUCHI, KACHI, KATCHI, KOLI, KOHLI, KOLHI, KORI, VAGARI, VAGARIA, KACHI GUJARATI	170,000 or more in Pakistan including 80,000 to 100,000 Kachi Koli, 5,000 to 6,000 Rabari, 10,000 Kachi Bhil, 50,000 Vagri, 10,000 Katai Meghwar, 1,000 Zalavaria Koli (1998)		Population total both countries 570,000 or more. KACHI, RABARI (RAHABARI), KACHI BHIL, VAGRI (KACHI MEGHWAR), KATAI MEGHWAR, ZALAVARIA KOLI.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
KOLI, PARKARI [KVX] PARKARI	250,000 (1995)	Centered in Tharparkar District, especially the town of Nagar Parkar in the southeastern tip of Sindh bordering India. It covers most of the lower Thar desert and west as far as the Indus River, bordered in the north and west by Hyderabad, and down to the south and west of Badin. An unknown (probably small) population in India		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
KOLI, WADIYARA [KXP] WADARIA, WADHIARA	Population total both countries 350,000 to 360,000	175,000 to 180,000 in Pakistan, including 75,000 Wadiyara, 5,000 to 10,000 Mewasi and Nairya, 30,000 Tharadari, 45,000 Hasoria, 20,000 Rardro (1998)	MEWASI (MAYVASI KOLI), WADIYARA KOLI, NAIRYA KOLI, THARADARI KOLI, THARADARI BHIL, HASORIA KOLI, HASORIA BHIL, RARDRO BHIL.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
LASI [LSS] LASSI	15,000 (1998)	Southeast Balochistan Province, Las Bela District, about 80 miles north northwest of Karachi		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
LOARKI [LRK]	20,000 to 25,000 in Pakistan (1998)	Sindh Province, rural. 500 to 750 in India		Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
MARWARI [MRI] MERWARI, RAJASTHANI, MARWARI MEGHWAR, JAISELMER, MARAWAR, MARWARI BHIL	220,000 including 100,000 Northern Marwari, 120,000 or more	Southern Marwari (1998). The latter includes 100,000 Marwari Bhil, 10,000 Marwari Meghwar, 12,000 to 13,000 Marwari Bhat. Northern Marwari: South Punjab and northern Sindh, north of Dadu and Nawabshah; Southern Marwari: Sindh and southern Punjab provinces, between Tando Mohammed Khan and Tando Ghulam Ali to the south, Dadu and Nawabshab to the north.	NORTHERN MARWARI, SOUTHERN MARWARI, MARWARI BHIL, MARWARI MEGHWAR, MARWARI BHAT	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Rajasthani, Marwari.
MEMONI [MBY]		Karachi		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
OD [ODK] OAD, ODKI	50,000 (1998)	Widely scattered in the Sindh and a few in southern Punjab. May also be in Rajasthan, India.		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
ORMURI [ORU] URMURI, ORMUR, ORMUI, BARGISTA, BARAKS, BARAKI	3,000 or more in Pakistan (1992)	Population total both countries 3,050 or more	KANIGURAMI, LOGAR	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Ormuri-Parachi.
PAHARI-POTWARI [PHR] POTWARI, POTHOHARI, POTOHARI, CHIBHALI, DHUNDI-KAIRALI		Murree Hills north of Rawalpindi, and east to Azad Kashmir. To the north in the lower half of the Neelum Valley. Poonchi is east of Rawalakot. Potwari is in the plains around Rawalpindi. Punchhi and Chibhali are reported to be in Jammu and Kashmir	PAHARI (DHUNDI-KAIRALI), POTHWARI (POTWARI), CHIBHALI, PUNCHHI (POONCHI), MIRPURI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northern zone, Western Pahari.
PANJABI, WESTERN [PNB] WESTERN PUNJABI, LAHNDA, LAHANDA, LAHNDI.	30,000,000 to 45,000,000 in Pakistan (1981 census)	Population total all countries 30,000,000 to 45,000,000	MAJHI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
PASHTO, CENTRAL [PST] MAHSUDI		Wazirstan, Bannu, Karak, southern tribal territories and adjacent areas	WACIRI (WAZIRI), BANNUCHI (BANNOCHI, BANNU)	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
PASHTO, NORTHERN [PBU] PAKHTO, PUSHTO	9,585,000 in Pakistan or 8.47% of population, including Southern Pashto (1993 estimate)	Population total all countries 9,685,000.	NINGRAHARIAN PASHTO, NORTHEASTERN PASHTO.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
PASHTO, SOUTHERN [PBT] PUSHTO, PUSHTU.	1,000,000 to 1,500,000 in Pakistan (1992)	Baluchistan, Quetta area	SOUTHEASTERN PASHTO, QUETTA PASHTO	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
PHALURA [PHL] PALULA, PALOLA, PHALULO, DANGARIK, BIYORI.	8,600 (1990)	7 villages on the east side of the lower Chitral Valley, possibly 1 village in Dir Kohistan; Purigal, Ghos, the Biori Valley, Kalkatak, and Ashret.	ASHRETI, NORTHERN PHALURA.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
SANSI [SSI] BHILKI	10,000 (1998)	Northern Sindh Province, main town, and some in Karachi. The Sochi live throughout Sindh	SOCHI	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi.
SARAIKI [SKR] RIASITI, BAHAWALPURI, MULTANI, SOUTHERN PANJABI, SIRAIKI	15,000,000 to 30,000,000 in Pakistan (1998), 9.8% of the population	Population total all countries 15,059,000 to 30,000,000	DERAWALI, MULTANI (KHATKI), BAHAWALPURI (RIASATI, REASATI), JANGLI, JATKI.	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Lahnda.
SAVI [SDG] SAWI, SAUJI, SAU		Some might still live in refugee camps near Timargarha in Dir, Pakistan and near Drosh in Chitral, Pakistan. Probably most have returned to Afghanistan		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
SHINA [SCL] SINA, SHINAKI, BROKPA	300,000 in Pakistan (1981 census)	Population total both countries 320,000	GILGITI (GILGIT, PUNIAL, HUNZA-NAGAR, BAGROTE, HARAMOSH, RONDU, BUNJI), ASTORI (ASTOR, GUREZI, DRAS, SATPARA, KHARMANGI), CHILASI KOHISTANI (CHILAS, DAREL, TANGIR, SAZIN, HARBAN)	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
SHINA, KOHISTANI [PLK]	200,000 (1981 census)	East bank of the Indus in Kohistan District, NWFP, in the Jalkot, Palas, and Kolai valleys and surrounding areas	PALASI-KOHISTANI, KOHISTANI, KOHISTYO.	PALASI, JALKOTI, KOLAI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
SINDHI [SND]	16,992,000 in Pakistan (1993 Johnstone), including 1,200,000 Hindu Sindhi (1986).	Population total all countries 19,720,000 or more	KACHCHI, LARI, LASI, THARELI, VICHOLO (VICHOLI, VICCHOLI, CENTRAL SINDHI), MACHARIA, DUKSLINU (HINDU SINDHI), SINDHI MUSALMANI (MUSLIM SINDHI)	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
SINDHI BHIL [SBN]	10,000 to 50,000 (1998)	Sindh Province, Mohrano, Badin-Matli-Thatta, Ghorabari (on west). Sindhi Meghwar are scattered in an area from Badin-Matli to Tando Allahyar	SINDHI BHIL, MOHRANO, BADIN, SINDHI MEGHWAR	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Sindhi.
TORWALI [TRW] TURVALI	60,000 (1987)	Swat Kohistan, on both sides of Swat River from just beyond Madyan north to Asrit (between Mankjal and Peshmal), and in Chail Valley east of Madyan, Bahrain and Chail are centers.	BAHRAIN, CHAIL	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Kohistani.
URDU [URD]	10,719,000 mother tongue speakers in Pakistan (1993), 7.57% of the population	Population total all countries 60,290,000 or more	Including second language speakers: 104,000,000 (1999 WA)	ndo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
USHOJO [USH] USHUJI	2,000 (1992)	Upper reaches of Bishigram (Chail) Valley, east of Madyan, Swat Kohistan. 12 villages.		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina.
VAGHRI [VGR] VAGHRI KOLI, SALAVTA, BAVRI	10,000 in Pakistan (1998)	Sindh, in Sukkur, Karachi (Bhes Colony), Nawabshah, Sakrand, Hala, Sanghar, Tando Adam, Tando Mohammed Khan, Badin, Matli, Tando Ghulam Ali, Digri, Noakot, Jang Sai, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Allahyar. Possibly 90,000 in India		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati.
WAKHI [WBL] WAKHANI, WAKHIGI, VAKHAN, KHIK	9,100 in Pakistan including 4,500 to 6,000 Gojal, 2,000 Ishkoman, 200 Yasin, 900 Yarkhun (1992), plus refugees	Population total all countries 29,000	GOJAL, ISHKOMAN, YASIN, YARKHUN	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir.
WANECI [WNE] WANECHI, WANETSI, VANECHI, TARINO, CHALGARI	95,000 (1998)	Northeastern Balochistan Province, Harnai area		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
YIDGHA [YDG]	5,000 to 6,000 (1991)	Upper Lutkuh Valley of Chitral, west of Garam Chishma	YUDGHA, YUDGA, YIDGA, LUTKUHWAR	Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir.