ADE 651 spec changes

The principle for long range detection is based on substance excitation that needs to be detected with an electromagnetic field that propagates on a long distance and is not disturbed by the "electromagnetic noise" from the environment generated by the RF transmitters and other electronic equipments that use the electric current or electromagnetic waves.
The explosives and drug substances contain in their structure the Nitrogen atom. The positive charge of the Nitrogen Core ( nucleus ) is not uniform distributed on the surface of the core ( nucleus ) and this determines that every chemical component that has the Nitrogen in composition to be in an instable equilibrium. At an excitation with a low-level intensity wave modulated with a close or exactly the same frequency as the resonance frequency of the compound that has the Nitrogen atom, the substance changes its energetic level going to a superior - inferior - superior energetic level with a frequency equal to the resonance frequency of the compound that has the Nitrogen atom. As a result it is generated an electromagnetic field with the propagation direction on the propagation direction of the excitation field. In this way it's being created an electromagnetic field that is working on the device antenna. In the long range detection, through methods that don't affect the human body because of the signals transmitted by the detection device, there are in the present 3 types of equipments:

1. 1. Equipments that use the reference contaminated cards with the substance that needs to be detected
   Advantages:
   • - it is a very sensitive equipment, efficient,
   • - it specifies the type of detected explosive,
   • - it is very easy to use in temperature variations, because the contaminated card changes its structure depending on the environment it is working in.
   Disadvantages:
   • - being so sensitive it needs a training where there must be simulated simultaneous different real situations
   • - it uses the human field as energy source
2. 2. Equipments that use an applied electromagnetic field generated by magnets and electronic devices, on the reference source, which generate a wave with a specific frequency and signal pattern.
   Advantages:
   • - it is a performance equipment,
   • - it doesn't use the human field as an energy source.
   Disadvantages:
   • - low sensitivity for a few types of applications.
   • - the efficiency is affected in environment conditions with high/low temperature changes.
   • - it doesn't specify the type of the substance being detected because the principle doesn't permit it.
3. 3. Equipments that use a software database with the resonance frequency of the drug and explosive substances. The software is used for excitation of an oscillator that modulates a RF signal witch is transmitted at distance to the targeted substance.
   Advantages:
   • - it is efficient,
   • - it works on long distances,
   • - it can specify the type of the detected substance.
   Disadvantages:
   • - it has a operating mode more complex, but, through training, this disadvantage can be overcome
   • - it is not very sensitive for small quantities.
   • - it is very important the accuracy of the process of data acquisition to collect the correct information about the resonance frequency of each substance. It is a complex process in laboratory.

All this three types of equipments need the presence of the human body and use the antenna for the location of the searched substance. Not a single company succeed in developping a stand alone equipment, an equipment that doesn't use the human body in the detection process, because the R&D; process is very complex and it needs time and investments.
All the other technologies have application as follow:

1. 1. x-Ray, Gamma Ray, Computer Tomography – container and hand luggage screening
2. 2. Ion Mobile Spectroscopy is used for fix and portable explosive detector for proximity detections
3. 3. Raman spectroscopy is used for proximity applications
4. 4. Electro-optical technologies is used for proximity applications
5. 5. Laser technology is used for containers, cars ( without human being inside)

All the above technologies have the highest rate of detection, but they are designed just for proximity detection.
K9 units are used in many applications, especially proximity detection of the existence and the place of the harmful substances. K9 units have a limited time to opperate. When they become tired errors may occur.
The Long Range Detection Equipment, ADE 651 included, should be used as a first indication only, and the other methods (technologies) should always be used to confirm the result of an indication.
It can be used as confirmation of suspicions & intelligence informers may provide and to check an area after the search team has been in, in order to see if anything has been missed. The LRDE saves the dog's working time, and it's 'nose' for more efficient working and when the LRDE is used by a dog team, the area of search can be indicated from a greater distance than the dog can smell, so putting the dog in the right area quickly. This ensures that the dog is sent in to a more specific area, thus saving it from sniffing fruitlessly in unproductive areas.