Taxonomic Catalogue and Species Notes

Pheidole Westwood
Pheidole Westwood 1841:87. Type species: Atta providens Sykes, by monotypy.

World distribution: world-wide except polar regions.

General literature: Berg 1975 (seed dispersal); Imai, Crozier and Taylor 1977 (karyotype); Mott and McKeon 1977 (seed predation); Craig and Crozier 1978 (caste determination, genetics); Holt and Greenslade 1979 (nest sites); Briese and Macauley 1981 (feeding biology); Davidson and Morton 1981 (seed dispersal); Davidson and Morton 1981 (seed dispersal); Briese 1982 (foraging activity patterns, seed harvesting); Davidson and Morton 1984 (seed dispersal); Andersen 1988 (relation to fire, seed harvesting); Williams and Watson 1988 (association with Homoptera); Hughes and Westoby 1992a (seed dispersal); Hughes and Westoby 1992b (seed dispersal); Davidson and McKey 1993 (relation to plants); Stevens et al. 1998 (seasonal foraging activity); Fiedler 2001 (association with Lepidoptera); Carver, Bluthgen, Grimshaw and Bellis 2003 (association with Homoptera); Mansfield et al. 2003 (feeding biology); Eastwood 2004 (association with Hemiptera).

ampla Forel
Pheidole variabilis ampla Forel 1893:462 (raised to full species by Forel 1902:434). Type data: Worker (major) from East Wallaby Island [28.26'S 113.43'E], Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (NW coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

ampla mackayensis Forel
Pheidole ampla mackayensis Forel 1902:436. Type data: Worker (major) from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

ampla parviceps Forel
Pheidole ampla parviceps Forel, A. 1915b:57. Type data: Holotype major worker [SMNH] from Herberton [17.23'S 145.23'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

ampla perthensis Crawley
Pheidole ampla perthensis Crawley 1922:24. Type data: Worker (major) and queen synytypes [2 workers in ANIC, 1 worker in MVMA] from Perth [31.57'S 115.51'E]; 1 worker syntype (missing gaster) [AMSA] from Swan River, Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (SW coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Naumann et al. 1994 (type material).

anthracina Forel
Pheidole anthracina Forel 1902:419. Type data: Worker (major) and queen syntypes from The Ridge [21.09'S 149.11E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Smith and Atherton 1944 (biology, taxonomy).

anthracina grandii Emery
Pheidole anthracina grandii Emery 1914:183. Type data: Worker (major) from Gosford [33.26'S 151.20'E], New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

anthracina orba Forel
Pheidole anthracina orba Forel 1902:421. Type data: Worker (major) and queen syntypes from Wollongbar [28.49'S 153.24'E], Richmond River, New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

athertonensis Forel
Pheidole athertonensis Forel 1915:62. Type data: Worker (major) and queen from Atherton [17.16S 145.29E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

athertonensis cedarensis Forel
Pheidole athertonensis cedarensis Forel 1915:64. Type data: Worker (major) and male syntypes from Ravenshoe (as Cedar Creek) [17.37'S 145.29'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

athertonensis tambourinensis Forel
Pheidole athertonensis tambourinensis Forel 1915:65. Type data: Worker (major), queen and male syntypes from Tamborine Mountain [27.55'S 153.10'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

bos Forel
Pheidole bos Forel 1893:463. Type data: Worker (major) from Fremantle [32.03'S 115.44'E], Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (SW coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

bos baucis Forel
Pheidole bos baucis Forel 1910:37. Type data: Worker (major) and queen from New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Campbell 1966 (control, seed harvesting).

bos eubos Forel
Pheidole bos eubos Forel 1915:62. Type data: Worker syntypes from Ravenshoe (as Cedar Creek) [17.37'S 145.29'E], Atherton [17.16'S 145.29'E], Laura [15.34'S 144.27'E] and Cape York, Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

brevicornis Mayr
Pheidole brevicornis Mayr 1876:106. Type data: Worker (major) from Rockhampton [23.22'S 150.30'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

cairnsiana Forel
Pheidole javana cairnsiana Forel 1902:438 (new status as Pheidole cairnsiana by Taylor, R. W., Brown, D. R. 1985:76). Type data: Worker (major) from Cairns [16.55S 145.46E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

concentrica Forel
Pheidole concentrica Forel 1902:416. Type data: Worker (major) from New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

concentrica recurva Forel
Pheidole concentrica recurva Forel 1910:39. Type data: Worker (major), queen and male syntypes from Launceston [41.27'S 147.10'E], Tasmania.

Distribution: Tasmania.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

conficta Forel
Pheidole conficta Forel 1902:417. Type data: Worker (major) from New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

deserticola Forel
Pheidole deserticola Forel 1910:34. Type data: Worker (major) and queen syntypes [1 worker in MVMA] from Tennant Creek [19.39'S 134.11'E], Northern Territory.

Distribution: Northern Territory (W Plateau).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

deserticola foveifrons Viehmeyer
Pheidole deserticola foveifrons Viehmeyer 1924:312. Type data: Worker (major) from Killalpaninna [28.36'S 138.34'E], South Australia.

Distribution: South Australia (Lake Eyre Basin).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

gellibrandi Clark
Pheidole gellibrandi Clark 1934:58. Type data: Worker syntypes [2 in MVMA] from Gellibrand [38.32'S 143.32'E], Victoria.

Distribution: Victoria (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Clayton-Greene and Ashton 1990:426 (foraging behaviour, seed predation).

hartmeyeri Forel
Pheidole hartmeyeri Forel, A. 1907j:280. Type data: Worker (major) from Buckland Hill, near Fremantle [32.01'S 115.46'E]; worker syntypes [1 in MVMA, 2 in WAMP] from Broomehill [33.51S 117.38E], Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (SW coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Clark 1929:55 (distribution).

impressiceps Mayr
Pheidole impressiceps Mayr 1876:105. Type data: Worker (major) from Rockhampton [23.22'S 150.30'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Smith and Atherton 1944:12 (biology, taxonomy).

incurvata Viehmeyer
Pheidole incurvata Viehmeyer 1924:313. Type data: Worker (major) from Liverpool [33.56'S 150.56'E], New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

liteae Forel
Pheidole liteae Forel 1910:41. Type data: Worker (major) from Tasmania.

Distribution: Tasmania.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

longiceps Mayr
Pheidole longiceps Mayr 1876:106. Type data: Worker (major) from Rockhampton [23.22'S 150.30'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

longiceps doddi Forel
Pheidole longiceps doddi Forel 1910:38. Type data: Worker (major) and queen from Bunderbury, Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Kirby 1896:207 (distribution).

longiceps frontalis Forel
Pheidole longiceps frontalis Forel 1902:436. Type data: Worker (major) and queen syntypes from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

megacephala (Fabricius)
Formica megacephala Fabricius 1793:361 (new combination as Pheidole megacephala by Roger 1863:30). Type data: Worker (major) from Mauritius.

Distribution: Introduced (from SE Asia), Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, omnivore.

Literature: Illingworth 1914 (biology); Illingworth 1915 (biology); Illingworth 1927 (distribution); Clark 1928:169 (biology, distribution); Clark 1941:68 (distribution); Taylor 1961:4 (distribution); Campbell 1966 (control, seed harvesting); Fluker and Beardsley 1970 (behaviour, ecology); (Greenslade 1972 (biology); Don 1974:912 (biology); Nikitin 1979 (distribution); Carver, Inkerman and Ashbolt 1987 (association with Homoptera); Williams and Watson 1988:115 (association with Homoptera); De Barro 1990 (association with Hemiptera); Carver, Hart and Wellings 1993:252 (association with Homoptera); Vail et al. 1994 (pest status); Hoffmann 1998 (pest status); Gonza´lez-Hernandez, Johnson, and Reimer 1999 (biology); Hoffmann et al. 1999 (pest status); Vanderwoude et al. 2000 (biology, pest status); Hoffmann and O’Connor 2004 (control).

mjobergi Forel
Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) mjobergi Forel 1915:66. Type data: Worker (major) from Kimberley district, Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (N coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Smith and Atherton 1944 (biology, taxonomy).

oceanica Mayr
Pheidole oceanica Mayr 1866:510. Type data: Worker (major) and queen (see Mayr 1870:979) from Ovalau, Fiji.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, omnivore.

Literature: Clark 1941:68 (distribution).

opaciventris Mayr
Pheidole opaciventris Mayr 1876:105. Type data: Worker (major) from Rockhampton [23.22'S 150.30'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

platypus Crawley
Pheidole platypus Crawley 1915:234. Type data: Worker (major) [1 in MVMA] from Stapleton [13.11'S 131.02'E], Northern Territory.

Distribution: Northern Territory (N coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

proxima Mayr
Pheidole proxima Mayr 1876:104. Type data: Worker (major) from Peak Downs [22.56'S 148.05'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

proxima bombalensis Forel
Pheidole proxima bombalensis Forel 1910:43. Type data: Worker (major) from Bombala [36.55S 149.15E], New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Clark 1929:121 (distribution).

proxima transversa Forel
Pheidole proxima transversa Forel 1902:428. Type data: Worker (major), queen and male syntypes from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

pyriformis Clark
Pheidole pyriformis Clark 1938:371. Type data: Worker syntypes from Reevesby Island [34.32'S 136.17'E] [2 in MVMA], Winceby Island [34.30'S 136.17'E] and English Island [34.38'S 136.12'E], South Australia.

Distribution: South Australia (S Gulfs).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

spinoda (Smith)
Atta spinoda Smith 1858:166 (combination as Aphaenogaster spininoda (misspelled) by Dalla Torre 1893:104; combination as Podomyrma spinoda by Emery 1915:69; combination as Pheidole spinoda by Taylor and Brown 1985:77). Type data: Queen from Adelaide [34.56S 138.36E], South Australia.

Distribution: South Australia (S Gulfs).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

tasmaniensis Mayr
Pheidole tasmaniensis Mayr 1866:511. Type data: Worker (major) from Tasmania.

Distribution: Tasmania.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

tasmaniensis continentis Forel
Pheidole tasmaniensis continentis Forel 1902:437. Type data: Worker (major) and queen from Ballarat [37.34'S 143.51'E], Victoria.

Distribution: Victoria (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

trapezoidea Viehmeyer
Pheidole trapezoidea Viehmeyer 1914:36. Type data: Worker (major) from Killalpaninna [28.36'S 138.34'E], South Australia.

Distribution: South Australia (Lake Eyre Basin).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

turneri Forel
Pheidole turneri Forel 1902:430. Type data: Worker (major) from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis Mayr
Pheidole variabilis Mayr 1876:103. Type data: Worker (major), queen and male syntypes from Rockhampton [23.22'S 150.30'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Crawley 1922:123 (taxonomy); Smith and Atherton 1944:14 (biology, taxonomy); Taylor 1961:4 (biology, distribution); Holt and Greenslade 1979 (nest sites).

variabilis latigena Forel
Pheidole variabilis latigena Forel 1907:279. Type data: Worker (major) from DayDawn [as Day Dawn] [27.28'S 117.52'E], Western Australia.

Distribution: Western Australia (NW coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Majer 1980 (biology); Majer and Brown 1986 (biology).

variabilis mediofusca Forel
Pheidole variabilis mediofusca Forel 1902:425. Type data: Worker syntypes [3 in ANIC] from Wollongbar [28.49'S 153.24'E], Richmond River, New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis ocior Forel
Pheidole variabilis ocior Forel 1915:58. Type data: Worker (major) from Malanda [17.21'S 145.36'E] and Tolga [17.13'S 145.29'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis ocyma Forel
Pheidole variabilis ocyma Forel 1915:59. Type data: Worker and queen syntypes [1 worker in ANIC] from Christmas Creek, Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis parvispina Forel
Pheidole variabilis parvispina Forel 1902:424. Type data: Worker and male syntypes [2 workers in ANIC] from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis praedo Forel
Pheidole variabilis praedo Forel 1902:426. Type data: Worker syntypes from Wollongbar [28.49'S 153.24'E], Richmond River, New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis redunca Crawley
Pheidole variabilis redunca Crawley 1915:235. Type data: Worker (major) from Darwin [12.27'S 130.48'E], Northern Territory.

Distribution: Northern Territory (N coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis rugocciput Forel
Pheidole variabilis rugocciput Forel 1902:423. Type data: Worker syntypes [2 in ANIC] from Mackay [21.09'S 149.11'E], Queensland.

Distribution: Queensland (NE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

variabilis rugosula Forel
Pheidole variabilis rugosula Forel 1902:423. Type data: Worker syntypes [2 in ANIC] from Bong Bong [34.33'S 150.23'E], New South Wales.

Distribution: New South Wales (SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

vigilans (Smith)
Atta vigilans Smith 1858:166 (combination as Pheidole vigilans by Brown 1971:13). Type data: Worker from Melbourne [37.49'E 144.58'E], Victoria.

Pheidole dolichocephala Andre 1896:262 (junior synonym of Pheidole vigilans by Brown 1971:13). Type data: Worker (major) from Western Australia.

Pheidole ampla parallela Forel 1902:435 (junior synonym of Pheidole vigilans by Brown 1971:13). Type data: Worker (major) and male from New South Wales.

Pheidole ampla yarrensis Forel 1902:434 (junior synonym of Pheidole vigilans by Brown 1971:13). Type data: Worker (major) and queen from Yarra district, Victoria.

Pheidole ampla norfolkensis Wheeler 1927:134 (junior synonym of Pheidole vigilans by Brown 1971:13). Type data: Worker (major) from Norfolk Island [29.05'S 168.00'E].

Distribution: New South Wales (Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal), Norfolk Island, South Australia (Murray-Darling basin, S Gulfs, SE coastal), Tasmania, Victoria (Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal).

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

Literature: Cumber 1959 (distribution).

wiesei Forel
Pheidole wiesei Forel 1910:40. Type data: Worker (major), queen and male from New South Wales [1 apparent type from Noundoc, New South Wales in MVMA].

Distribution: New South Wales.

Ecology: noctidiurnal, predator, granivore, terrestrial; nest in ground layer.

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Literature Cited / Additional Reading

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