Cellular and Molecular Biology
Open Access

Founder and Owner Professor Raymond J. Wegmann, Dean 2, rue de Rouhling 57200 Sarreguemines, France Tel/Fax: +33 (0)3 87 02 99 62, E-mail: rwegmann23@gmail.com

For subscription and order E-mail: subscription.cellmolbiol@omicsonline.com

Disclaimer

Professor Wegmann wish to make it clear that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion and statement should appear in the articles and advertisements of this journal and that they are under the sole responsibility of the contributor or the advertiser. Nobody can publish or advertise anything in this journal without the written permission of Professor Wegmann sole responsibility of the journal.

It has to be stated that the cybercriminal robber of my journal, named Maixent, a heavily condemned former professor, ejected from the university like a lousy dog, deprived of all his titles and functions has had the cheek to publish in my journal in an inaccurate and misleading anouncement in favour of the election of another hoodlum named CHEALLAIGH who is even not a biologist. The hoodlum Maixent will be condemned to have published this page abusively without my permission

The paper Submission

Papers, submitted to this journal, having neither been submitted, accepted nor published previously or simultaneously in other journals or books, may be accepted. It should be noted that all papers have to be transmitted, exclusively to professor Wegmann who handles the totality of the procedures, leading to the evaluation of the papers. After revision and acceptance of the paper by professor Wegmann it is transmitted to the OMICS Group which gives to the author a reference number. No any claim can be made by the author(s) concerning an eventual rejection of the paper. They can neither oblige professor Wegmann to disclose the name(s) and the number of the Referees, nor to give a detailed account about the content of the comments of the Referees.

22 Nobel Prize Winners are Honorary Members of the CMB Editorial Board

The presence of so many Laureates is the proof that Cellular and Molecular Biology is the driving force of scientific accomplishment in Life Sciences. In 1976, Sir Hans Krebs, Nobel Prize Winner, confirmed to Professor Raymond J Wegmann that "Cellular and Molecular Biology is the most excellent definition of this interdisciplinary Life Science, without which no more any progress in research nor any discovery can be made in the future."

Aims and Scope

 

Cellular Biology

Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies cells physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level. Cellular Biology is also referred to as Cytology. Cellular Biology mainly revolves around the basic and fundamental concept that cell is the fundamental unit of life. The most important concept of Cellular Biology is the cell theory which states mainly 3 points: a: All organisms are composed of one or more cells, b: The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things and c: All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.

Related Journals of Cellular Biology

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Cell Signaling, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Biology

Cell and Molecular Biology is an interdisciplinary field of science that deals with the fields of chemistry, structure and biology as it seeks to understand life and cellular processes at the molecular level. Molecular cell Biology mainly focuses on the determination of cell fate and differentiation, growth regulation of cell, Cell adhesion and movement, Intracellular trafficking. The relationship of signalling to cellular growth and death, transcriptional regulation, mitosis, cellular differentiation and organogenesis, cell adhesion, motility and chemotaxis are more complex topics under Cellular and Molecular Biology. Molecular biology explores cells, their characteristics, parts, and chemical processes, and pays special attention to how molecules control a cell’s activities and growth. The molecular components make up biochemical pathways that provide the cells with energy, facilitate processing “messages” from outside the cell itself, generate new proteins, and replicate the cellular DNA genome. To understand the behaviour of cells, it is important to add to the molecular level of description an understanding on the level of systems biology.

Related Journals of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, Transcriptomics: Open Access,  Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Insights in Cell Science

Molecular Cell

Molecular cell is the study of how molecules interact to give rise to the properties of cells, their ability to grow, maintain themselves and divide. Molecular Cell examines how the interaction of macromolecules gives rise to life, i.e., to the functioning of living organisms. The integration of molecular structure, function, and behaviour can lead to a functional living cell. The structural dynamics of domains within macromolecules and subunits of macromolecular assemblies, through the integration of pathways and organelles, to the interactions of a cell with its immediate environment are elucidated. The integration generates new functional properties through the nonlinear, dynamic and spatial nature of the interactions between biological macromolecules. The perturbations of molecular structures and their interactions cause malfunction and disease.

Related Journals of Molecular Cell

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, Transcriptomics: Open Access,  Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Insights in Cell Science

Molecular Genetics

Molecular genetics is a branch of genetics and molecular biology that deals with the structure and function of genes at a cellular and molecular level. One of the main achievements of molecular genetics is that now one can have the clarity about the chemical nature of the gene. Molecular genetics is concerned with the arrangement of genes on DNA molecule, the replication of DNA, the transcription of DNA into RNA, and the translation of RNA into proteins. Gene amplification, separation and detection, and expression are some of the general techniques used for molecular genetics.

Related Journals of Molecular Genetics

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Tissue Science & Engineering, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell

Cellular DNA Studies

Cellular DNA studies works with the function of the cellular DNA and its applications such as cell division. The morphological, molecular biology studies of the cellular DNA are analysed indepth in Cellular DNA studies. Cells contain the body’s hereditary material, the DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). An important property of DNA is that it can make copies of itself. Each strand of DNA in the double helix can serve as a template for duplicating the sequence of bases. This is important when cells divide as each new cell needs to have an exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell. Because the total length of cellular DNA in cells is up to a hundred thousand times the cell’s length, the packing of DNA into chromosomes is crucial to cell architecture. Histone protein helps the DNA to be packaged inside the cell. Bacterial chromosomes usually are circular DNA molecules that replicate from a single origin. The general structure of chromatin is remarkably similar in the cells of all eukaryotes including fungi, plants, and animals.

Related Journals of Cellular DNA Studies

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

Molecular Biotechnology

Molecular biotechnology is the use of laboratory techniques to study and modify nucleic acids and proteins for applications in areas such as human and animal health, agriculture, and the environment. Molecular biotechnology results from the convergence of many areas of research, such as molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, immunology, genetics, and cell biology. It is an exciting field fueled by the ability to transfer genetic information between organisms with the goal of understanding important biological processes or creating a useful product. The tools of molecular biotechnology can be applied to develop and improve drugs, vaccines, therapies, and diagnostic tests that will improve human and animal health. Molecular biotechnology has applications in plant and animal agriculture, aquaculture, chemical and textile manufacturing, forestry, and food processing.

Related Journals of Molecular Biotechnology

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine , Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, Tissue Science & Engineering , Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis , Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access, Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

Cell Biology Techniques

Cell biology Techniques are used to study the physiological properties of cells, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. Few such techniques are General Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, Spectrophotometry, Fluorescence, Radiochemistry, Differential Precipitation of Proteins, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Immunoassays, Hybridization and Blotting Techniques.

Related Journals of Cell Biology Techniques

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology

Molecular Biochemistry

A common concern for the life and composition of the cell brings biologists and chemists together in the field of biochemistry-molecular biology. The vast and complex array of chemical reactions occurring in living matter and the chemical composition of the cell are the primary concerns of the biochemist. Life processes occurring at the molecular level, including the storage and transfer of genetic information and the interactions between cells and the viruses that infect them, are the investigatory concerns of the molecular biologist. Biochemistry and molecular biology are sub-disciplines within the larger, more general area of biological sciences. The study of biochemistry and molecular biology requires that students be genuinely interested and able to perform successfully in the "quantitative" sciences and that they have acquired a solid foundation in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics in their high school or community college careers. The cutting-edge research programs span the broad areas of biochemistry and molecular biology, covering both traditional and modern disciplines, including: Macromolecular structure and function, Gene regulation and signal transduction, Enzymology and metabolism, Bioinformatics and computational biology, Synthetic biology, Biophysics and analytical methods.

Related Journals of Molecular Biochemistry

Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics, Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access, Clinical & Medical Biochemistry: Open Access, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine , Molecular Biology , Annual Review of Biochemistry, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics showcases contributions that describe the structural and functional properties of proteins and their expression, particularly with respect to developmental time courses. Emphasis is placed on determining how the presence or absence of proteins affect biological responses, and how the interaction of proteins with germane cellular partners allows them to function. Accelerating development of technology in the field of proteomics has led to the study of protein structure and function, its expression in normal cell and a diseased cell. The microarray technology has enabled the study of changes in mRNA. Molecular and cellular proteomics allows knowing the post-translation modification of the proteins and the contribution to the gene expression.

Related Journals of Molecular and Cellular Proteomics

Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Metabolomics:Open Access, Journal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics , Next Generation Sequencing & Applications,  Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, Journal of Proteomics, Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics, Translational Proteomics, Proteomics Research Journal

Cellular Dynamics

Cellular Dynamics studies the dynamics reaction shown by the cell during various processes. In cellular dynamcis the reaction shown by the components of the cell during various process such as cell differentiaion and implications on cell functions are studied in cellular dynamics. Cells integrate information at multiple levels to rapidly adapt and respond to their enviroments, to coordinate efforts and communicate with their neighbors in tissues and organs, and to migrate or proliferate during development and disease. Cells employ a vast battery of proteins and protein complexes, as well as membrane-associated proteins, to achieve these sensory mechanisms and to transduce signals into action. Typical examples of coordination between signals and cellular dynamics include cell crawling, shape changes and response to potential pathogens. Cytokinesis, chemotaxis, asymmetric cell division or changes in synaptic strength depend upon spatially localized, temporally dynamic biochemical reactions. Biological mechanisms that underpin these cellular dynamics occur at multiple levels, from genesis of cell shape by rearranging the cortical cytoplasm, to assembling protein complexes that choreograph membrane budding and trafficking, to transport of small molecules and fluxes in signaling cascades.

Related Journals of Cellular Dynamics

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Cell Signaling, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

 

Biomolecular Structure and Function

Biomolecular structure is complicated folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a protein, DNA, or RNA molecule. The structure of these molecules is frequently decomposed into primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure. Biomolecules includes large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. Biomolecular structure & function comprises of study and research related to computational science, atomic structural biology, bioinformatics, virtual drug design, genomics and biological networks.

Related Journals of Biomolecular Structure and Function

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine , Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, Tissue Science & Engineering , Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access, Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. The cell cycle, most prominently called as cell-division refers to the series of events which take place inside a cell during the time of cell division. During cell division, a cell divides and then duplicates i.e forms its copies. In prokaryotic cells, which lack nucleus, the cell cycle occurs by a process of binary fission. The cell cycle consists of two stages viz. a: Mitosis and b: Meiosis. Mitosis refers to the division of all body cells except germ cells while in meiosis the division of the germ cells takes place. During mitosis, the chromosome number remains the same as that of the parent cell while during meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced to half the number of the parent cell.

Related Journals of Cell Cycle

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy , Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Cell Signaling, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

Methods and Techniques in Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology methods used to study the molecular basis of biological activity. Most commonly used methods are protein methods, immunostaining methods, nucleic acid methods. These methods used to explore cells, their characteristics, parts, and chemical processes, and pays special attention to how molecules control a cell’s activities and growth.

Molecular Biology Techniques include DNA cloning, cut and paste DNA, bacterial transformation , transfection, chromosome integration, cellular screening, cellular culture, extraction of DNA, DNA polymerase DNA dependent, reading and writing DNA, DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, molecular hybridization, rewriting DNA: mutations, random mutagenesis, point mutation, chromosome mutation. Most important techniques are Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Expression cloning, Gel electrophoresis, Macromolecule blotting and probing, Arrays (DNA array and protein array).

Related Journals of Methods and Techniques in Molecular Biology

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Tissue Science & Engineering, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access, Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell

 

Cellular Signalling

Cellular Signalling is a mechanism by which cell interacts with environment and other cells around them. In this process stimuli are transmitted via a Signaling cascade to effector molecules that orchestrate the appropriate response. Receptors which are usually glycoprotein on the plasma membrane of the cells help to detect signals. The stimuli bind to the receptor because of the complementary shape and this integrates a chain of reaction within the cell leads to response. Various hormones and medicated drugs are used as a Signaling molecule for the treatment of various disorders as use of insulin through hormone mediated cell Signaling pathway to lower the blood glucose level.

Related Journals of Cellular Signalling

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Cell Signaling, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

Cell synthesis

Cell synthesis involves the synthesis of various proteins and chemicals that are vital for the development and functioning of the cell. Cell synthesis is essential for the growth and development of the cell. Synthesis phase also known as S-phase is a part of cell cycle starts with the replication of DNA and ends when all the chromosomes has been replicated that is each chromosome has two sister chromatids. It occurs between G1 phase and G2 phase. This phase results in the effectively doubled quantity of DNA and the synthesis is completed very quickly because of the sensitivity of exposed base pairs to harmful external factors such as mutagens. Precision and accuracy of this phase is mandatory to prevent genetic abnormalities sometimes which lead to cell death or disease.

Related Journals of Cell synthesis

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Cell Signaling, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology

Cell Death: Apoptosis

The procedure of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is by and large portrayed by particular morphological qualities and vitality subordinate biochemical components. Cell death is a vital process of the cell to maintain the ratio of the cells such as cell movement. The cells of a multicellular organism are members of a highly organized community. The number of cells in this community is highly regulated and it done not only by controlling the rate of cell division, but also by controlling the rate of cell death. If cells are no longer needed, they destroy themselves by activating an intracellular death program. This process is called Apoptosis. The amount of apoptosis that occurs in developing and adult animal tissues can amaze us. If one will observe vertebrate nervous system, up to half of the nerve cells normally die soon after they are formed. In a healthy adult human, billions of cells die in the bone marrow and intestine every hour.

Related Journals of Cell Death: Apoptosis

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, Neural Regeneration Research, Insights in Cell Science

Cell Regeneration

Cell regeneration is the science in which the procedure of reestablishment, reclamation and development that makes genomes, cells, living beings and biological systems. Cell regeneration is a characteristic changes or occasions that cause aggravation or harm. Some parts of our bodies can repair themselves quite well after injury, but others don’t repair at all. We certainly can’t regrow a whole leg or arm, but some animals can regrow their body parts. Regeneration occurs in both human and animals. In Humans regrowth of a damaged organ part from the remaining tissue is known as regeneration. Humans are able to regenerate some organs, for example the liver. If a part of organ is lost by disease or injury, the organ grows back to its original size. Biggest example of regeneration in humans is our skin as it is constantly being renewed and repaired. Regeneration also occurs in animals. There are few animals that can regenerate their body parts. For example, flatworm or planarian can regenerate both the head from a tail piece, and the tail from a head piece.

Related Journals of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Tissue Science & Engineering, Molecular Cloning & Genetic Recombination, Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, Neural Regeneration Research

Stem Cell Biology

Stem cell Biology is the study of undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells, embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues. Stem cells serve to renew tissue throughout an individual’s postnatal life by replacing the cells that are lost owing to everyday wear and tear in our bodies.

Related Journals of Stem Cell Biology

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Journal of Integrative Oncology, Journal of Leukemia, Stem Cells, Insights in Stem Cells, Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Stem cells translational medicine

Cell Biology Junctions

A cell junction (or intercellular bridge) is a sort of structure that exists inside the tissue of some multicellular organisms, such as animals. Cell junctions comprises of multiprotein complexes that provide contact between neighbouring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. Cell junctions can be divided into two types: those that link cells together, also called intercellular junctions (tight, gap, adherens, and desmosomal junctions), and those that link cells to the extracellular matrix (focal contacts/adhesion plaques and hemidesmosomes). These junctions play a prominent role in maintaining the integrity of tissues in multicellular organisms and some, if not all of them, are involved in signal transduction.

Related Journals of Cell Biology Junctions

Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Single Cell Biology, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, Transcriptomics: Open Access,  Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Journal of Cell Science, Journal of Cellular Physiology, , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Insights in Cell Science

Gene Expression and Regulation

Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code - the nucleotide sequence - of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as Structural genes. The process of gene expression involves two main stages as Transcription: the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule. Translation: the use of mRNA to direct protein synthesis, and the subsequent post-translational processing of the protein molecule. Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from the DNA-RNA transcription step to post-translational modification of a protein.

Related Journals of Gene Expression and Regulation

Gene Technology,  Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell