The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Homepage

The International Journal of Science and Technology is an international premier peer reviewed open access science and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in science, technology and related disciplines. We follow "Rigorous Publication" model - means that all articles appear on journalofsciences-technology.org after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content.

Our vision is to be the world's most dominant and extensively read science and technology journal. Our mission is to lead the debate on science and technology engage, inform, and inspire researchers and professionals in order to streamline economic and broad-spectrum benefits of science and technology. We aim to revolutionize industry by promoting legitimate and effective research.

The International Journal of Science and Technology is published monthly, issues appearing on the 1st Monday of each month. Original science and technology articles are published in full on journalofsciences-technology.org, with no restriction on word counts and open access to all. The editors reserve the right to reject a paper or make changes to the content if there are serious problems with the content or with violations of our publishing policies.

We have global reach with users submitting and downloading several publications from journalofsciences-technology.org every month. We audit the performance of research articles, using a wide range of indicators to assess their impact on readers and their dissemination to the wider world. Our team is based in the UK, although we also have editors elsewhere in Europe, Asia and in the US.

News and Announcements

Online Manuscript Status Tracking now available!
Visit Track your Paper for online tracking for your article.

In addition, all authors visiting the site can access information and tips on:

• Manuscript Preparation
• Manuscript Submission
• And more features added over time!

Journal Policy
For privacy policy, please visit our privacy statement.
For those interested in journal operating policy, please visit code of ethics.

Disclaimer

The statements or opinions that are expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the authors and do not represent the official policy of the Journal. Although all accepted material is expected to conform to ethical and legal standards, such acceptance does not imply endorsement by the Journal.

All literary matter in the Journal is covered by copyright, and must not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by electronic or mechanical means, photocopying, or recording, without written permission.

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Scope
 

Recent growth in science has been phenenomial. The IJST is an open-access research journal intended as the meeting-place for research related to Science and Technology. The journal's coverage reflects the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of science and technology, recognizing the wide-ranging contributions to the development of methods, tools and evaluation strategies relevant to the field. Submissions from across all streams of the Science and Technology are welcome.

Areas suitable for the Journal include, but are not limited to:

Aerodynamics	Forestry	Palaeontology
Alchemy	Genetics	Petrology
Anatomy	Geography	Pharmacology & Toxicology
Anthropology	Geology	Physics
Archaeology	Geosciences	Physiology
Astronomy	History	Plant & Animal Science
Astrophysics	Hydrology	Political Science
Biology & Biochemistry	Ichthyology	Psychiatry
Biophysics	Information Science & Technology	Psychology
Botany	Marine Biology	Seismology
Chemistry	Mathematics	Social Science
Climatology	Meteorology	Sociology
Computer Science	Microbiology	Soil Science
Cultural Studies	Mineralogy	Space Sciences
Earth Sciences	Molecular Biology	Statistics
Ecology	Neuroscience & Behaviour	Taxonomy
Economics	Nuclear Physics	Zoology
Education	Oceanography
Entomology	Organic Chemistry
Environmental Science	Ornithology

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Editorial Board

Dr. Nasar Meer (PhD, MSc, BA) Senior Lecturer in Sociology Dept of Social Sciences Northumbria University, Lipman Building Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom Tel: +44 191 227 4704 Email: nasar.meer@northumbria.ac.uk

Ahmad Galadima Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences Meston Building, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom Email: ahmadgldm@yahoo.com

Dr David Greenhalgh Reader in Mathematics and Statistics Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom Email: david.greenhalgh@strath.ac.uk

Dr. Waleed Habib Abdulla Director of Graduate Studies Electrical & Computer Engineering Department School Of Engineering The University of Auckland 38 Princess Street, Auckland Auckland, New Zealand Email: w.abdulla@auckland.ac.nz

Dr Ozgur Ergul Lecturer Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom Email: ozgur.ergul@strath.ac.uk

Dr. Franz Mechsner Reader in Department of Psychology Northumbria University Northumberland Building Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom Email: franz.mechsner@northumbria.ac.uk

Dr.Bensafi Abd-El-Hamid Associate Professor Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen P.O. Box 119, Chetouane 13000 Tlemcen Algeria Email: aeh.bensafi@gmail.com

Dr. Mohd Nazri Ismail Senior Lecturer System and Network (MIIT) Department University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) Malaysia Email: mnazrii@miit.unikl.edu.my

Dr. Yousif. Mustafa, PhD Associate Professor Computer Information Technology Department of Business Union College 310 College Street, Barbourville, KY 40906 Email: drymustafa@gmail.com

Dr. Sara Moein, PhD Associate Professor Department of Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics Faculty of Engineering Multimedia University, Cyberjaya Malaysia Email: sara.moein08@mmu.edu.my

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Author Guidelines

The International Journal of Science and Technology main interests lie in publishing studies that further enhance our understanding of science and technology. In determining content, the primary considerations are excellence, relevance and novelty. For detailed scope description please see Journal Scope Page.

Manuscript Preparation and Submission

The manuscript should be prepared using a word processing package, in A4 page, using a standard font, double spaced with margins of at least 2 cm and have page numbers. Do not use line numbering. The manuscript should be in English and preferably UK spelling.

Every manuscript submitted by authors must have following two elements:

1. Cover Letter

Stating manuscript contains original unpublished work and is not being submitted for publication elsewhere at the same time. Both statements should be confirmed to the Editor in the covering letter. The corresponding author must confirm that all authors have agreed with the submission.

Aim of the study/research

Significant and novel findings

2. Manuscript and any additional files (can be zipped up into one file)

Click here to download sample cover letter.

Manuscript Formating

Manuscript Title (Font: Times New Roman, Size 16)

Title should be clear, simple and concise. Long titles lack impact and shorter concise titles are preferable. Authors should remember that many readers will only scan titles (and possibly the abstract) so titles should reflect the content in order to get readers' attention. It must however be accurate and unambiguous and should focus on the message of the paper.

List of Authors (Font: Times New Roman, Size 11)

All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship and all those who qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. One or more authors (deemed to be the Corresponding Author(s)) should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, from inception to published article.

Full Affiliations of all Authors (Font: Times New Roman, Size 9)

This should include the name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed, and contact details of the corresponding author(s) i.e. the full postal address, phone number and email address.

Abstract (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

The abstract should be concise and clear, stating the purposes of the study or investigation, the basic procedures, the main findings and the principal conclusions. It should emphasise new and important aspects of the study. It should be understandable without reference to the rest of the paper and should contain no citation to references in the reference list. Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided.

Keywords (Font: Times New Roman, Size 9)

Below the abstract, authors should provide and identify as such 3 to 10 keywords or short phrases to assist indexing the article and that may be published with the abstract. In addition, authors should examine the text of their title, abstract and keywords since any term not employed in these sections cannot be employed as a search term to reliably identify the work using standard search engines.

Manuscript Text (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

The text of research articles is divided into sections with the headings: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion, Literature Review, Proposed Design, Acknowledgement, References etc. Long articles may need subheadings within some sections (especially the Results and Discussion sections) to clarify their content.

Results (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations. Do not repeat in the text all the data in the tables or illustrations; emphasise or summarise only important observations. Figures and tables should be clearly referred to in the manuscript.

Discussion (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

Emphasise the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data or other material given in the Introduction or the Results section. Include in the Discussion section the implications of the findings and their limitations, including implications for future research.

Acknowledgements (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

List all contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship, such as a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance or a department chairperson who provided only general support. Financial and material support should also be acknowledged.

Tables (Font: Times New Roman, Size 10)

Tables should be inserted immediately after the citation in the text. Number tables consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a brief title for each. Give each column a short or abbreviated heading. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. If you use data from another published source, obtain permission and acknowledge fully.

Figures (JPEG or GIF format)

Figures must be at the appropriate size and resolution. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been first cited in the text. If a figure has been published, acknowledge the original source and written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material must be supplied. Figures should be professionally drawn, photographed and digitised; freehand or typewritten lettering is unacceptable. Letters, numbers and symbols should be clear and even throughout and of sufficient size. Shading and hatches should be used with care and consideration of the final size of the image be made.

Graphs

In preparing graphs ensure that appropriate formats are used (histogram, points, box and whisker etc) with error bars wherever possible. Ensure that lines and axes are of a width that will be easily seen and the texts and data points are similarly of an appropriate size. Avoid patterned of gradient in-fills in histograms.

The Submission Process

The manuscript must be submitted via the online submission system (and not by mail or email). Submission to The Journal of Science and Technology is only via Online Submission System. Prepare your manuscript and illustrations in the appropriate format, according to instructions above. When you are ready to submit your manuscript, let the system guide you through the submission process.

Submission of a Revised Version

Once authors have completed the revisions to their manuscript, they can submit revised version through Online Submission System. In the comments section please put in note to confim that it is a "Revised Submission" and provide original submission reference. When submitting a revised manuscript, it is essential that authors include a 'point-by-point' response to the comments made by the reviewer(s) detailing the changes made. In order to expedite the processing of the revised manuscript, please be as specific as possible in responses to the reviewer(s).

Publication Charges

Original science and technology articles are published in full on journalofsciences-technology.org, with no restriction on word counts and open access to all. The authors are charged a publication fee of  £61.99 (GBP)  or $79.99 (USD) for their accepted research papers.

Further Information

The e-mail address for the Editorial Office is managing_editor@journalofsciences-technology.org. This email address is for correspondence and not for the submission of manuscripts. Failure to abide by the guidelines for submission to the Journal of Science & Technology may result in undue delay in the submission, review or publication of your manuscript.

Disclaimer

The validity of the data and the views expressed in articles in the Journal are the responsibility of authors and not of The IJST team or the publisher, IJST Publications.

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Review Process

Each manuscript received by the journal is reviewed comprehensively to make sure that the quality of content being published continues to improve.

Every manuscript submitted by authors must have following two elements:

1. Cover Letter

Stating manuscript contains original unpublished work and is not being submitted for publication elsewhere at the same time. Both statements should be confirmed to the Editor in the covering letter. The corresponding author must confirm that all authors have agreed with the submission.

Aim of the study/research

Significant and novel findings

2. Manuscript and any additional files (can be zipped up into one file)

Review Process

All submissions are automatically sent to the Editor for consideration.

Editor confirms that author has followed the instructions provided in Author Guidelines page.

Editor confirms that all materials needed for review of the document have all been submitted including covering letter confirming "manuscript contains original unpublished work and is not being submitted for publication elsewhere at the same time."

Editor performs an initial assessment to assess whether the submitted work is in accord with the Journal scope. At this point a proportion of manuscripts can be returned to the authors, if deemed out of scope.

Reviewer evaluates the appropriateness of the manuscript for the Journal. Manuscripts that are deemed to be inappropriate are returned without further evaluation. Reviewer evaluates the quality of the manuscript. Manuscripts determined to be of low quality are returned without further evaluation. Reviewer electronically makes editorial suggestions within the text using red or underline to distinguish comments from original manuscript. Reviewer returns manuscript to the Editor with an evaluation and comments.

The reviewers' evaluations and comments are compiled by the Editor for disposition and transmittal to the authors. A decision is made usually within 2-3 weeks of the receipt of the manuscript.

The Editor will advise authors and classifies the manuscript into one of the following categories:

Manuscript is inappropriate for the Journal. An e-mail is sent to the author indicating this determination thus concluding the consideration process.

Manuscript is not of the quality required for the Journal. An e-mail is sent to the author indicating this determination thus concluding the consideration process.

Manuscript is acceptable but considerable changes are needed. An e-mail is sent to the author indicating this determination along with a request to respond with changes.

Manuscript is acceptable with minor changes. An e-mail is sent to the author indicating this determination along with a request to respond with changes.

Manuscript is acceptable and no changes are requested. An e-mail will be sent to the author indicating this determination.

Please note a number of manuscripts can be rejected on the grounds of priority and available space. Therefore authors are advised to submit their manuscripts as soon as possible in order to allow time for review. It should be noted that invitation to submit a revised manuscript should not be assumed to automatically mean that acceptance will automatically follow.

On occasions the Editors may expedite the review process for manuscripts felt to be of high priority in order to reach a rapid decision. Such 'fast-track decisions' will normally occur within one week of receipt of the manuscript.

The Editor's decision is final. If, however, authors dispute a decision and can document good reasons why a manuscript should be reconsidered, a rebuttal process exists. In the first place, authors should write to the Editor outlining their case.

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Call for Papers

The IJST, International Journal of Science and Technology is an international peer reviewed science and technology journal. Original science and technology articles are published in full on journalofsciences-technology.org, with no restriction on word counts and open access to all.

Please submit your manuscript electronically via Online Submission System.

We strongly recommend reviewing the following pages before submission.

Author Guidelines

Review Process

Journal Policies

IJST follows a double-blind review process, whereby Authors do not know Reviewers and vice versa. Remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submission; we will strip out all personal information prior to issuance for review.

Publication Charges

Original science and technology articles are published in full on journalofsciences-technology.org, with no restriction on word counts and open access to all. The authors are charged a publication fee of  £61.99 (GBP)  or $79.99 (USD) for their accepted research papers.

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Online Submission
 

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Privacy Policy

This privacy policy sets out how International Journal of Science and Technology - IJST uses and protects any information that you provide when you use this website.

The IJST is committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement.

The IJST may change this policy from time to time by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to ensure that you are happy with any changes.

What we collect

We may collect the following information:

Name and Title

Contact information including email address

Demographic information such as postcode, preferences and interests

Other information relevant to customer surveys and/or offers

What we do with the information we gather

We require this information to understand your needs and provide you with a better service, and in particular for the following reasons:

Internal record keeping.

We may use the information to improve our products and services.

We may periodically send promotional emails about new products, special offers or other information which we think you may find interesting using the email address which you have provided.

From time to time, we may also use your information to contact you for market research purposes. We may contact you by email, phone, fax or mail. We may use the information to customise the website according to your interests.

Security

We are committed to ensuring that your information is secure. In order to prevent unauthorised access or disclosure, we have put in place suitable physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online.

How we use Cookies

A cookie is a small file which asks permission to be placed on your computer's hard drive. Once you agree, the file is added and the cookie helps analyse web traffic or lets you know when you visit a particular site. Cookies allow web applications to respond to you as an individual. The web application can tailor its operations to your needs, likes and dislikes by gathering and remembering information about your preferences.

We use traffic log cookies to identify which pages are being used. This helps us analyse data about web page traffic and improve our website in order to tailor it to customer needs. We only use this information for statistical analysis purposes and then the data is removed from the system.

Overall, cookies help us provide you with a better website, by enabling us to monitor which pages you find useful and which you do not. A cookie in no way gives us access to your computer or any information about you, other than the data you choose to share with us.

You can choose to accept or decline cookies. Most web browsers automatically accept cookies, but you can usually modify your browser setting to decline cookies if you prefer. This may prevent you from taking full advantage of the website.

Links to other Websites

Our website may contain links to other websites of interest. However, once you have used these links to leave our site, you should note that we do not have any control over that other website. Therefore, we cannot be responsible for the protection and privacy of any information which you provide whilst visiting such sites and such sites are not governed by this privacy statement. You should exercise caution and look at the privacy statement applicable to the website in question.

Controlling your Personal Information

You may choose to restrict the collection or use of your personal information in the following ways:

Whenever you are asked to fill in a form on the website, look for the box that you can click to indicate that you do not want the information to be used by anybody for direct marketing purposes.

If you have previously agreed to us using your personal information for direct marketing purposes, you may change your mind at any time by writing to or emailing us at editor@journalofsciences-technology.org.

We will not sell, distribute or lease your personal information to third parties unless we have your permission or are required by law to do so. We may use your personal information to send you promotional information about third parties which we think you may find interesting if you tell us that you wish this to happen.

You may request details of personal information which we hold about you under the Data Protection Act 1998. A small fee will be payable. If you would like a copy of the information held on you please write to editor@journalofsciences-technology.org.

If you believe that any information we are holding on you is incorrect or incomplete, please write to or email us as soon as possible, at the above address. We will promptly correct any information found to be incorrect.

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Archive

Volume 5, No.12, December 2016 (in process)

Volume 5, No.12, December 2016

Volume 5, No.11, November 2016

Volume 5, No.10, October 2016

Volume 5, No.9, September 2016

Volume 5, No.8, August 2016

Volume 5, No.7, July 2016

Volume 5, No.6, June 2016

Volume 5, No.5, May 2016

Volume 5, No.4, April 2016

Volume 5, No.3, March 2016

Volume 5, No.2, February 2016

Volume 5, No.1, January 2016

Volume 4, No.12, December 2015

Volume 4, No.11, November 2015

Volume 4, No.10, October 2015

Volume 4, No.9, September 2015

Volume 4, No.8, August 2015

Volume 4, No.7, July 2015

Volume 4, No.6, June 2015

Volume 4, No.5, May 2015

Volume 4, No.4, April 2015

Volume 4, No.3, March 2015

Volume 4, No.2, February 2015

Volume 4, No.1, January 2015

Volume 3, No.12, December 2014

Volume 3, No.11, November 2014

Volume 3, No.10, October 2014

Volume 3, No.9, September 2014

Volume 3, No.8, August 2014

Volume 3, No.7, July 2014

Volume 3, No.6, June 2014

Volume 3, No.5, May 2014

Volume 3, No.4, April 2014

Volume 3, No.3, March 2014

Volume 3, No.2, February 2014

Volume 3, No.1, January 2014

Volume 2, No.12, December 2013

Volume 2, No.11, November 2013

Volume 2, No.10, October 2013

Volume 2, No.9, September 2013

Volume 2, No.8, August 2013

Volume 2, No.7, July 2013

Volume 2, No.6, June 2013

Volume 2, No.5, May 2013

Volume 2, No.4, April 2013

Volume 2, No.3, March 2013

Volume 2, No.2, February 2013

Volume 2, No.1, January 2013

Volume 1, No.12, December 2012

Volume 1, No.11, November 2012

Volume 1, No.10, October 2012

Volume 1, No.9, September 2012

Volume 1, No.8, August 2012

Volume 1, No.7, July 2012

Volume 1, No.6, June 2012

Volume 1, No.5, May 2012

Volume 1, No.4, April 2012

Volume 1, No.3, March 2012

Volume 1, No.2, February 2012

Volume 1, No.1, January 2012

The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318) - Code of Ethics

The International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST) aspire to select and publish, through peer review, the highest quality research. In order to achieve this goal, the entire peer review and publication process should be thorough, objective and fair.

Journal reputation depends heavily on the trust by all stakeholders in the fairness of the peer review and publication process. A formal code of ethics, outlining guidelines for good behavior and proposing solutions to ethical dilemmas facing Authors, Editors and Reviewers, can build stakeholder trust and improve journal reputation. With this goal in mind, the IJST Code of Ethics is designed to be a comprehensive policy for peer review and publication ethics in the International Journal of Science and Technology.

The Code describes IJST policies for ensuring the ethical treatment of all participants in the peer review and publication process. IJST Authors, Editors and Reviewers are encouraged to study these guidelines and address any questions or concerns to the IJST Editor, editor@journalofsciences-technology.org. These guidelines apply to manuscripts submitted to IJST starting Sept 1, 2011, and may be revised at any time by the Editor.

IJST CODE OF ETHICS FOR AUTHORS

Originality:

When an Author submits a manuscript to IJST, the manuscript must be an original work.

Authors must not submit the same work, in whole or in part, to two places of publication at the same time, or at any time while the manuscript is under review at IJST. It is also improper for an Author to submit a manuscript describing essentially the same research to more than one place of publication. Thus, an Author may not submit to IJST a work that is in whole or in part under review elsewhere, nor submit to another publication outlet a work that is in whole or in part under review at IJST.

The manuscript must not have been previously published or accepted for publication elsewhere, either in whole or in part, whether in English or another language.

If the manuscript contains materials that overlap with work that is previously published, or that is under consideration for publication elsewhere, the Author must cite this work in the manuscript. The Author must also inform the IJST of the related work and, if requested, send the manuscript to the Editor.

Authors must explicitly cite their own earlier work and ideas. If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the Author are included in the manuscript, the material should be put in quotation marks and appropriately cited.

While self-citation is encouraged, Authors should avoid excessively citing their earlier works in order to inflate their citation count.

Authors should not submit a manuscript to IJST that was previously submitted to IJST, sent out for review, and rejected after review by a IJST Editor. If an earlier version was previously rejected by IJST, and the Author wishes to submit a revised version for review, this fact and the justification for resubmission should be clearly communicated by the Author to the IJST Editor at the time of submission. Only under rare circumstances will a second submission be permissible.

Plagiarism:

All work in the manuscript should be free of any plagiarism or falsification.

Plagiarism takes many forms, from "passing off" another's paper as the Author's own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper without attribution, to claiming results from research conducted by others. Authors are expected to explicitly cite others' work and ideas, even if the work or ideas are not quoted verbatim or paraphrased. This standard applies whether the previous work is published, unpublished, or electronically available. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the Author are included in the manuscript, the material must be put in quotation marks and appropriately cited.

In instances the Editor deems as "major" plagiarism, the paper will be rejected and authors may be barred from submitting to IJST for a period of time. In cases of "minor" plagiarism, the authors would be asked to rephrase the duplicate sentences.

IJST reserves the right to evaluate issues of plagiarism and redundancy on a case-by-case basis.

Double-Blind Review:

IJST follows a double-blind review process, whereby Authors do not know Reviewers and vice versa. Authors should respect the confidentiality of the review process and should not reveal themselves to Reviewers, and vice versa. For example, the manuscript should not include any self-revealing information that would identify the Author to a Reviewer.

Authors should not post their submitted manuscript (including working papers and prior drafts) on websites where it could be easily discovered by potential Reviewers.

Accuracy:

Authors have the ultimate responsibility for all materials included in a manuscript submitted to IJST. Authors should report their findings fully and should not omit data that are relevant within the context of the research question(s). Results should be reported whether they support or contradict expected outcomes.

If an Author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own work, it is the Author's obligation to promptly notify the journal Editor and cooperate with the Editor to retract or correct the paper. If the Editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the Author to promptly retract or correct the manuscript or provide evidence to the Editor of the correctness of the original paper.

Co-Authorship:

All Co-Authors of papers should have made significant contributions to the work and share accountability for the results. Authorship and credit should be shared in proportion to the various parties' contributions. Other contributions should be cited in the manuscript's Acknowledgements or an endnote.

The Corresponding Author who submits a manuscript to IJST should have sent all Co-Authors a draft and obtained their assent to submission and publication.

Copyright Laws:

Authors should check their manuscripts for possible breaches of copyright law (e.g., where permissions are needed for quotations, artwork or tables taken from other publications) and secure the necessary permissions before submission.

Authors should avoid using biased language that could be interpreted as denigrating to ethnic or other groups; for example, plural rather than single pronouns ("they" rather than "he") are recommended.

Timeliness:

Authors should be prompt with their manuscript revisions. If an Author cannot meet the deadline given, the Author should contact the IJST Editor as soon as possible to determine whether a longer time period or withdrawal from the review process should be chosen.

Post Publication:

IJST holds the copyright to all published articles.

IJST CODE OF ETHICS FOR EDITORS

Independence:

IJST Editors must maintain their editorial independence and work to ensure that Authors have editorial freedom. Responsibility for acceptance or rejection of manuscripts rests with the Editors. Doing so normally entails advice from Reviewers; however, manuscripts that Editors deem clearly inappropriate may be rejected without such review.

Unbiased:

Editors should exercise their position of privilege in a confidential, unbiased, prompt, constructive and sensitive manner. Editors have the duty to judge manuscripts only on their scholarly merits. Editors should operate without personal or ideological favoritism.

Confidentiality:

Editors and their editorial staff including student workers shall not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone other than Reviewers and Authors. Office procedures should be in place to maintain confidentiality of the review process. IJST Editors are expected to ensure the confidentiality of the double-blind review process. The anonymity of Reviewers can only be lifted if Editors receive permission from Reviewers to reveal their identities.

Review Quality:

The Editor should routinely assess all reviews for quality. In rare circumstances, an Editor may edit a review before sending it to an Author (for example, to remove a phrase that would identify the Reviewer) or not send the review to the Author if it is not constructive or appropriate. Ratings of review quality and other performance characteristics should be periodically assessed by the IJST Editor to assure optimal journal performance.

Accuracy:

An Editor presented with convincing evidence by a Reviewer that the substance or conclusion of an unpublished manuscript is erroneous should promptly inform the Author. If similar evidence is presented for a published manuscript, the Editor should ensure prompt publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as appropriate.

Timeliness:

Editors should take steps to ensure the timely review of all manuscripts and respond promptly to inquiries from Authors about the status of a review.

Authority:

The IJST Editor must have ultimate authority and responsibility for the Journal. The Editor should respect the Journal's constituents (readers, Authors, Reviewers, Editors, editorial staff and publisher) and work to ensure the honesty and integrity of the Journal's contents and continuous improvement in journal quality. The Editor should select the members of the editorial team, including an Editorial Review Board; outline the rights and responsibilities of these individuals; and regularly assess their performance.

IJST CODE OF ETHICS FOR REVIEWERS

Reciprocity:

Reviewing for journals is a professional activity that provides value for the profession as a whole, and should be encouraged. Scholars who submit manuscripts to IJST are normally expected to reciprocate by accepting an invitation to review for the Journal.

Right of Refusal:

Refusals to review a manuscript are from time to time necessary. For example, a Reviewer who feels inadequately qualified to judge the research reported in a manuscript should refuse to review the manuscript. Reviewers should refuse to review a manuscript if there is a potential conflict of interest. If asked to review a manuscript they have previously reviewed.

Double-Blind Review:

IJST has a double-blind review process. Reviewers should refuse to review manuscripts where they have provided written comments on the manuscript or an earlier version to the Author. If a Reviewer knows the identity of an Author or Co-Author, this would normally be grounds for refusal to review. Reviewers also have a responsibility to avoid writing, doing or saying anything that could identify them to an Author.

Conflict of Interest:

Normally, Reviewers should refuse to review manuscripts in which they have any conflicts of interest resulting from collaborative, financial, institutional, personal, or other relationships or connections with any of the companies, institutions, or people connected to the papers. Reviewers who might have a conflict of interest on a particular manuscript should reveal that conflict to the Editor, who will then determine their appropriate level of involvement.

Unbiased:

Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts objectively, fairly and professionally. Reviewers should avoid personal biases in their comments and judgments.

Confidentiality:

Reviewers should respect the confidentiality of the review process. It is important to recognise that the manuscript is confidential. Reviewers should not discuss the manuscript with anyone other than the IJST Editor, nor should they discuss any information from the manuscript without permission. If Reviewers suspect misconduct, they should notify the Editor in confidence, and should not share their concerns with other parties unless officially notified by the Journal that they may do so.

Accuracy:

In evaluating the manuscript and crafting comments to the Author(s), Reviewers should always keep in mind that their review captures their scholarly judgment about the manuscript. Reviewers should be honest with the Author in terms of their concerns about the manuscript. Reviewers should explain and support their scholarly judgments adequately; that is, they should provide sufficient detail to the Author to justify their recommendation to the Editor. Reviews should not be "two-faced", providing overly friendly reviews to the Author but very negative reviews in private to the Editor.

Timeliness:

Reviewers should be prompt with their reviews. If a Reviewer cannot meet the deadline given, the Reviewer should contact the IJST Editor as soon as possible to determine whether a longer time period or a new Reviewer should be chosen.

About IJST - The International Journal of Science & Technology (ISSN 2049-7318)

The IJST, International Journal of Science and Technology is an international peer reviewed science and technology journal. We follow "Rigorous Publication" model— means that all articles appear on journalofsciences-technology.org after full appraisal, effectiveness, legitimacy and reliability of research content.

Original science and technology articles are published in full on journalofsciences-technology.org, with no restriction on word counts and open access to all. The IJST's vision is to be the world's most dominant and extensively read science and technology journal. Our mission is to lead the debate on science and technology engage, inform, and inspire researchers and professionals in order to streamline economic and broad-spectrum benefits of science and technology. We aim to revolutionize industry by promoting legitimate and effective research. The IJST team is based mainly in UK, although we also have editors elsewhere in Europe, Asia and in the US.

We have global reach with users submitting and downloading several publications from journalofsciences-technology.org every month. We audit the performance of IJST research articles, using a wide range of indicators to assess their impact on readers and their dissemination to the wider world.

Publisher

IJST Publications UK

United Kingdom

 

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IJST Publication Fees

IJST Publication Fees £64.99 GBP Additional Charges (more than three Authors/12 Pages) £14.99 GBP

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