| | | Side
Side (Turkey)
| | | | Side (Greek : Σίδη - Turkish : Side) was an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, in the region of Pamphylia, in what is now Antalya province, on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. It is now a resort town and one of the best-known classical sites in Turkey, near Manavgat and the village of Selimiye, 75 km from Antalya) in the province of Antalya. | | Side : Virtual tour |  | 18 sections and 6 items |
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Side : Building(s) (16)
|  | Baths
Museum
The remains of a public bath have been restored and now serve as the Museum. This building is situated before the agora, on the right side of the street.
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|  | Byzantine Basilica
In later centuries when the temples commanding the site at the harbor had been partially destroyed, the outer walls of a vast Byzantine basilica was constructed around them on two sides.
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|  | Byzantium Hospital
VIth century
Built in the 6th century AD, the top storey of two-storey building is not in evidence today. It consisted of five residences whose tops were vaulted. Obviously not a dwelling or religious building, it could have been built as a guesthouse and used as an hospital.
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|  | Commercial Agora
The remains of the agora can be seen on behind the theater. This was also the place where pirates sold slaves.
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|  | Fountain
IInd century
The fountain at the entrance of the monumental gate has been restored. The present remains of the theater date from the 2nd century AD.
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|  | House
Separated from the Columned Street by shops and entered from a back street, this house contained two interior courts (atria) with mosaic floors, from which entrances led to surrounding rooms.
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|  | Main Gate
Entrance to the site is from among the well preserved city walls and through the main gate of the ancient city.
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|  | Monumental Gate
The city main gate was originally defensive, with sally passages around the bastions and a semicircular court between the inner and he outer gateways, flanked by two large towers in the city wall. In Roman times, perhaps about 200 AD, when defensive needs diminished, the two-story court was richly ornamented with pillars, niches and statuary.
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|  | Monumental Tomb
approx. between the Vth and the VIth century
The Necropolis, which is situated outside the Antique Side City Walls, has variety of sarcophagus and monumental tombs from Roman and Byzantine Eras.
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|  | Nymphaeum
IInd century
The fountain in the city wall, outside the memorial gate, was built in the 2nd century BC. It consists of three semi-circular parts, carved into the wall. Directly in front is a pool.
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|  | Port Baths
IInd century
Since it was situated near the port, it was named Port Bath. Planned as a rectangle with dimensions of 35.90 * 16.83 meters.
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|  | State Agora
IInd century
Built in the 2nd century, the length of the Governement Agora is 88.5 meters and width 69.2 meters. It is surrounded by a porticoed courtyard 7 meters wide and three other areas.
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|  | Temple of Apollo and Athena
approx. between 150 and 200
Inscriptions, coins and other evidence suggest that the two almost identical structures were temples to Apollon and Athena, protectors of the port and shipping.
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|  | Theatre of Side
approx. between 140 and 160
There are colossal ruins of a theater complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheater that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals.
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Side : Streets, avenues (1)
|  | Colonnaded Street
The colonnaded avenue which starts at the gate and leads up to the theater used to extend on the other side, up to the harbor. This part of the avenue is now beneath the present town of Side.
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| | Side : Description | |
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Side is located on the eastern part of the Pamphylian coast, which lies about 20 km east of the mouth of the Eurymedon River. Today, as in antiquity, the ancient city is situated on a small north-south peninsula about 1 km long and 400 m across.
History
Strabo and Arrian both record that Side was founded by Greek settlers from Cyme in Aeolis, a region of western Anatolia. This most likely occurred in the 7th century B.C. Possessing a good harbor for small-craft boats, Side's natural geography made it one of the most important places in Pamphylia and one of the most important trade centers in the region. According to Arrian, when settlers from Cyme came to Side, they could not understand the dialect. After a short while, the influence of this indigenous tongue was so great that the newcomers forgot their native Greek and started using the language of Side. Excavations have revealed several inscriptions written in this language. The inscriptions, dating from the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C., remain un-deciphered, but testify that the local language was still in use several centuries after colonization. Another object found in the excavations at Side, a basalt column base from the 7th century B.C. and attributable to the Neo-Hittites, provides further evidence of the site's early history. The name Side is Anatolian in origin and means pomegranate.
Next to no information exists concerning Side under Lydian and Persian sovereignty.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great occupied Side without a struggle in 333 BC. Alexander left only a single garrison behind to occupy the city. This occupation, in turn, introduced the people of Side to Hellenistic culture, which flourished from the 4th to the 1st century BC. After Alexander's death, Side fell under the control of one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter, who declared himself king of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Side until it was captured by the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BC. Yet, despite these occupations, Side managed to preserve some autonomy, grew prosperous, and became an important cultural center.
In 190 BC a fleet from the Greek island city-state of Rhodes, supported by Rome and Pergamum, defeated the Seleucid King Antiochus the Great's fleet, which was under the command of the fugitive Carthaginian general Hannibal. The defeat of Hannibal and Antiochus the Great meant that Side freed itself from the overlordship of the Seleucid Empire. The Treaty of Apamea (188 BC) forced Antiochus to abandon all European territories and to cede all of Asia Minor north of the Taurus Mountains to Pergamum. However, the dominion of Pergamum only reached de facto as far as Perga, leaving Eastern Pamphylia in a state of uncertain freedom. This led Attalus II Philadelphus to construct a new harbor in the city of Attalia (the present Antalya), although Side already possessed an important harbor of its own. Between 188 and 36 BC Side minted its own money, tetradrachms showing Nike and a laurel wreath (the sign of victory).
In the 1st century BC, Side reached a peak when the Cilician pirates established their chief naval base and a centre for their slave-trade.
Romans
The consul Servilius Vatia defeated these brigands in 78 BC and later the Roman general Pompey in 67 BC, bringing Side under the control of Rome and beginning its second period of ascendancy, when it established and maintained a good working relationship with the Roman Empire.
Emperor Augustus reformed the state administration and placed Pamphylia and Side in the Roman province of Galatia in 25 BC, after the short reign of Amyntas of Galatia between 36 and 25 BC. Side began another prosperous period as a commercial center in Asia Minor through its trade in olive oil. Its population grew to 60,000 inhabitants. This period would last well into the 3rd century AD. Side also established itself as a slave-trading center in the Mediterranean. Its large commercial fleet engaged in acts of piracy, while wealthy merchants paid for such tributes as public works, monuments, and competitions as well as the games and gladiator fights. Most of the extant ruins at Side date from this period of prosperity.
Decline
Side began a steady decline from the 4th century on. Even defensive walls could not stop successive invasions of highlanders from the Taurus Mountains. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Side experienced a revival, and became the seat of the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia. Arab fleets, nevertheless, raided and burned Side during the 7th century, contributing to its decline. The combination of earthquakes, Christian zealots and Arab raids, left the site abandoned by the 10th century, its citizens having emigrated to nearby Antalya.
In the 12th century, Side temporarily established itself once more as a large city. An inscription found on the site of the former ancient city shows a considerable Jewish population in early Byzantine times. However, Side was abandoned again after being sacked. Its population moved to Antalya, and Side became known as Eski Adalia ("Old Antalya") and was buried.
Ruins
The great ruins are among the most notable in Asia Minor. They cover a large promontory where a wall and a moat separate it from the mainland. During medieval times, the wall and moat were repaired and the promontory houses a wealth of structures.
There are colossal ruins of a theater complex, the largest of Pamphylia, built much like a Roman amphitheater that relies on arches to support the sheer verticals. The Roman style was adopted because Side lacked a convenient hillside that could be hollowed out in the usual Greek fashion more typical of Asia Minor. The theater is less preserved than the theater at Aspendos, but it is almost as large, seating 15,000 - 20,000 people. With time and the shifting of the earth, the scena wall has collapsed over the stage and the proscenium is in a cataract of loose blocks. It was converted into an open-air sanctuary with two chapels during Byzantine times (5th-6th c.)
The well-preserved city walls provide an entrance to the site through the Hellenistic main gate (Megale Pyle) of the ancient city, although this gate from the 2nd century BC is badly damaged. Next comes the colonnaded street, whose marble columns are no longer extant; all that remains are a few broken stubs near the old Roman baths. The street leads to the a public bath, restored as a museum displaying statues and sarcophagi from the Roman period. Next is the square agora with the remains of the round Tyche and Fortuna temple (2nd c. BC), a periptery with twelve columns, in the middle. In later times it was used as a trading center where pirates sold slaves. The remains of the theater, which was used for gladiator fights and later as a church, and the monumental gate date back to the 2nd century. The early Roman Temple of Dionysus is near the theater. The fountain gracing the entrance is restored. At the left side are the remains of a Byzantine Basilica. A public bath has also been restored.
The remaining ruins of Side include three temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Side's nymphaeum - a grotto with a natural water supply dedicated to the nymphs - was an artificial grotto or fountain building of elaborate design.
Turkish archaeologists have been excavating Side since 1947 and intermittently continue to do so.
Today
In 1895 Greek Muslim refugees from Crete moved to the ruined town and called it Selimiye. Today, Side has become a popular vacation destination and experiences a new revival.
It was a popular spot for watching the solar eclipse of March 29, 2006.
Having been the Bishopric of Eastern Pamphylia, it is still a titular see of the Roman Catholic church.
From Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side
Text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License | | Side : History | |
Sidé est un port de la côte de Pamphylie sur le golfe d'Antalya fondé aux environs du VIIème siècle avant Jésus-Christ par des Grecs originaires d'Éolie, de la cité de Kymé. Son histoire est assez mal connue jusqu'à l'époque de l'empire achéménide dont elle fait partie. Elle se soumet en 334 avant Jésus-Christ à Alexandre le Grand, puis est intégrée au royaume des Séleucides. C'est au IIème siècle avant Jésus-Christ un repaire de pirates qui prospère malgré la concurrence du port d'Antalya, construit par le roi de Pergame Attale II. Prise par Pompée en 67 avant Jésus-Christ, la cité décline progressivement avec l'empire romain. Un timide redressement sous les Byzantins aux Vème et VIème siècles n'empêche pas l'abandon de la cité lors des invasions et raids arabes au VIIème siècle. | | Side : More pictures | |
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