Who Invented Email? Just Ask…Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky -- linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and all around critic -- has weighed into the debate over who invented email Photo: Andrew Rusk/Flickr

Who invented email? That’s a question sure to spark some debate. And where there’s debate, the appearance of Noam Chomsky should come as no surprise.

This week, Chomsky — the professor emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at MIT who’s known as much for his criticism of US foreign policy and capitalism as much as his academic work — unexpectedly joined the debate over the origins of email, putting his weight behind V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai, a man who claims he invented email as in 1978 at the age of 14 while working at a medical and dentistry university in New Jersey.

Today, Ayyadurai is a lecturer at MIT, and he once studied with Chomsky. But Chomsky says he backs Ayyadurai’s claims for reasons of, yes, semantics.

“Email, upper case, lower case, any case, is the electronic version of the interoffice, inter-organizational mail system, the email we all experience today — and email was invented in 1978 by a 14-year-old working in Newark, NJ. The facts are indisputable,” reads a statement from Chomsky that fired across the internet in a press release from Ayyadurai.

Yes, by 1978, people were already sending electronic messages across computer networks, but Ayyadurai says he was the first person to build a software program called “email” — and that he was the first to structure electronic communications in a way that mirrored methods traditionally used to move paper mail through an office, setting up electronic “inboxes” and “outboxes” and “address books.”

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IBM Overcomes Apple Secrecy to Stream US Open

IBM's John Kent shows off a heat map of a tough hole at the US Open. Photo: Caleb Garling/Wired

Even IBM is fed up with Apple’s famously secretive approach to new hardware and software.

This weekend, as the world’s best golfers are competing at the US Open in San Francisco, Big Blue is teaming with the US Golf Association to offer both mobile and web apps that let fans follow the action. From an iPhone, iPad, Android device, or an ordinary PC, you can stream live video or follow Twitter feeds or load heat maps of individual holes at the Olympic Club golf course.

Everything works as advertised. But as the tournament approached, IBM was worried it wouldn’t. Just days before the first golfer teed off, Apple was slated to unveil a new collection of who-knows-what at its annual developer conference, just down the road from the Olympic Club, and Big Blue was concerned whatever Apple introduced would mess with its software.

When Apple released its new “Retina display” iPads earlier this year, IBM program manager John Kent and his team had to scramble to ensure that their apps for The Masters — the first major golf tournament of the year — worked well with the new tablet.

An old-school app. Photo: Caleb Garling/Wired

“It’s a really big challenge,” Kent says of working with Apple products. “[Apple] might guide you, but they don’t tell you anything.” But he does say that once a product is released, the company is “very helpful.”

He also says that when changes are made to Big Blue’s software, it’s much easier for IBM to update and redistribute applications for Android. Google’s approach to its online app store is less, shall we say, strict than Apple’s.

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The Secret of a Successful Programming Language? A Really Great Beard

 

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C creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, genius guys with genius beards


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Why do some programming languages take over the world while others wallow in obscurity?

Two academics at Princeton and the University of California, Berkeley are combing through mountains of data trying to tackle this mystery of the modern world. They think the answer may lie with how well a language is documented. Or with the reality that the average programmer doesn’t have the time or the inclination to learn more than a handful of programming tools. Or even with the age-old tendency of academics to build stuff that’s gloriously clever but completely impractical.

But a man named Tamir Kahson has a different answer. He thinks it’s all about the beard.

According to Kahson’s playful analysis, there’s a direct correlation between the success of a programming language and the length of the hair growing on the face of the man who built it. And he may have a point (see photos above).

C is perhaps the most successful language of all time. At Bell Labs, in the late ’60s and early ’70s, it was used to build the UNIX operating system, which now forms the backbone of modern computing, and 30 years after busting out of Bell, it remains the world’s most popular language according to multiple studies. Some attribute its success to Brian Kernighan’s seminal book The C Programming Language. Others point to the genius of its designers, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. But more than genius, they had really great beards:

Ken Thompson and Dennis Richie. Photo: Wikimedia Commons

The second most popular programming language on the planet is Java. Fifteen years after its debut, it has suffered the ignominy of being closely associated with Oracle, but it remains the language of choice on everything from Android smartphones to cloud services driving massive video applications. And the man who built it, James Gosling, knows how to grow some serious facial hair.

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How Engineers Disappear Into the Twitter Collective

Adam Messinger of Twitter. Photo: Jon Snyder/Wired

What do you need to run a web service that broadcasts thousands of messages a second between millions of people across the planet? Among other things, you need a really big office in one of the world’s most attractive cities.

Earlier this week, after busting the seams on its old digs in the hip South of Market section of San Francisco, Twitter officially moved into a brand-new 215,000-square-foot office just down the road. As the popularity of its micro-blogging service has grown, so too has the company itself. In March 2011, the company employed about 400 people, but today, it spans close to 1,000, with over 800 in San Francisco alone.

A big part of this growth is engineering talent — a hotly contested resource in Northern California. As with so many other web outfits in the heart of the technology world — both public and private — part of Twitter’s strategy involves what it is commonly known as the “acqui-hire.” Earlier this year, the micro-blogging behemoth purchased at least two companies solely for their engineering talent: blogging company Posterous and security startup Whisper Systems.

In each case, Twitter wasn’t looking to buy a product or service. It was merely looking for brains. Both sets of engineers have been consumed by the Twitter collective.

“Everything that’s being built here at Twitter is really coming from all of us,” says Sachin Agarwal, the former CEO of Posterous, tells Wired, gesturing around at a cafeteria full of hungry Twitter employees at the company’s old office, a stone’s throw from AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants.

“We’re all able to participate in innovating and coming up with the ideas. It feels very much like a startup in that way.” Most of the Posterous team is now part of the effort to add more than just text to your tweets, including photos and videos.

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Net’s New Master Domains May Cause Corporate Migraine

Image: ICANN

The dot com era may soon draw to an end, and that could lead to some unexpected headaches on corporate networks around the world.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers has been slowly working toward the day when it radically expands the number of top-level domains used on the Internet. There are a few hundred top-level domains today — .com, .net, and .uk to name a few — but ICANN wants to expand this to essentially whatever the market will bear.

On Wednesday, it said that it has received nearly 2,000 applications from companies that want to manage these new top-level domains. The problem is that some of these proposed new top-level domains could be at odds with the names used by networking geeks running corporate networks.

Here’s the problem in a nutshell: If a company has a computer on its local network named computer.home and .home suddenly becomes a top-level domain, then there’s a chance that any software looking for computer.home could be redirected out to the internet.

Whether or not a program ends up going to the right place will vary, depending on the configuration of the Domain Name System (DNS) resolver software it uses to figure out where .home is, says David Ulevitch CEO of DNS service provider OpenDNS.

But there’s a pretty good chance that the changes will cause some headaches for system administrators and maybe even a pathway for data to get leaked out to the Internet. At worst, it could give hackers a back door into corporate networks.

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