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Do we need religion to have ethics? Is it possible that a world without religion can be, on the whole, a better place to live?

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  • Zach, if the history of Christianity is important, why isn't the history of atheism?

    For the record: I've never minimized, refused to consider, or tried to justify Christian bad acts. I do believe the good acts outweigh the bad -- because Christianity corrects itself, unlike atheist systems.

    Remember where this particular thread started. You used bad historical practices to "prove" today's greater morality. I responded with many examples of Christians correcting bad practices and instituting good ones. You responded with a list of Christian bad practices. I object to your methodology, and you double down on Christian bad practices.

    Now polls matter. If a large percentage of a country said it was Christian, then everything it did was Christian, so Christians correcting their own morality somehow doesn't matter. But the acts of atheist nations never matter to you, including bad acts of formerly officially atheist Russia where most are still atheists. Nor the fact that atheists never corrected their own bad morality and still don't.

    This is your consistent tactic. Change the terms or content of the argument. It's always heads you win, tails Christians and any other religious believers lose.

    You say, "You tried to make the case that [less violence as you reckon it] was because of increased medical technology, when in fact the casualty percentage...remain equally telling." You change the subject from kill rate to casualty rate and still don't credit medical technology. The fact that the US, by your poll method still mostly a Christian nation, tries strenuously to avoid civilian casualties and tries to medically treat both civilian and Muslim opponent casualties does not redound to Christianity's benefit to you. As always, heads you win.

    I'm not sure what your point is with the Hiroshima-Kandahar anecdote. Evidently, you now think that dropping Fat Man and Little Boy was a good idea; it had the same effect as the Kandahar blasts. So why did you ever try to make out that dropping the atomic bombs was somehow immoral and evidence of our enhanced 21st-c. morality? I recall giving up in frustration because you put the dropping on the wrong side of the ledger -- effectively trying to make me prove Truman made the right decision. You argue whatever you think will win at the moment.

    To you, history is relevant only when it helps you make your case.

    Again: if the history of religion is important, why isn't the history of atheism?

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    • Hi Toni, you still got it girl! The tactic that most people take in their arguments here is to muckrake the opposition. That's because it is easy to do that. I see that you still are earning my bequeathed title by working to point out the good. That is the hard road, but is much more important to creating understanding. Many do not know the good of things because they have had the benefits all their life and just assume it is all somehow natural. The old saying' "You never miss the water 'til the well goes dry." We have not had a metaphoric dry well in America within the memories of more than a very small number of people living today. You understand the benefits of a life in a community with a religious environment and I do also, but those with whom you are arguing have no inkling of what you know and understand. Stay with us Toni, miserable creatures that we are, we need you.

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        Who are these folks who have had these benefits all their lives, Everett? Stereotyping us a bit, yes? I'll be happy to tell you about all the languishing in social privilege and abdication of personal responsibility I've been doing since I graduated from high school and college. I can even double down with stories of all my wayward, non-religious friends who have done the same. After all, anything to the contrary might upset your cast-iron view of my generation.

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    • "I'm not sure what your point is with the Hiroshima-Kandahar anecdote. Evidently, you now think that dropping Fat Man and Little Boy was a good idea"

      The debate back then was whether dropping the A-bombs was a moral action. The Japanese had no clue how powerful the weapon was and its force was brought to bear on non miilitary targets. We were aware of allied projections on losses should they have invaded Japan. However no demonstration was made available to to the Japanese. Had they been shown that the bomb could take out a pacific atol, they might have capitulated without the horrific loss of life. Zack gave a case and point example of how such a strategy worked in Afghanistan and loiss of life was avoided.

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      • Not a chance Greg.

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        At least someone here is actually reading my posts...sigh. Thank you, Greg, for taking the time. Everett, care to elaborate? Or are you content to...how did you put it...muckrake?

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      • I just made a succinct comment Zack, muckraking is dredging up negative points, any negative point will do, sometimes whether true or not. Yes, perhaps Greg was doing a little muckraking job on America, I really didn't give that much consideration. No, I don't care to rehash that old argument. It was a time and place that few that didn't live close to it would be able to understand. I speak of demons within and I think most people just think it applies to others, not to them, but they are wrong. War unleashes those demons and it can't be comprehended sitting comfortably in front of a computer. Probably the worst thing we did in that war was when we destroyed Dresden. Greg would likely love that story.

        The really astounding story of WW2 was how well we treated our enemies after their defeat. I still find that hard to believe it was so good. I'm not sure if there is any comparable example in history of how we treated the defeated after the end of the war. To refrain from wreaking vengeance on those that have harmed you badly, is.... is just... well, I'll just say it. It was such a Christian thing to do!

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      • Pray tell, how could the US have "demonstrated to the Japanese" except with a real bomb? If the Japanese didn't see the atoll with their own eyes, why would they believe it? I find it incredible that Truman had to drop a second bomb. Even when the Japanese did see "the horrific loss of life" firsthand, they didn't desist until after Nagasaki.

        Here we go again. Atheists want to argue history and second-guess every decision that might make their point. They NEVER want to discuss atheist history.

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      • And how do you explain Nagasaki then?

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      Actually, Toni, this argument was pretty significant to me when I was discovering my dislike of religion. I'd considered it well before I even began this topic. On the surface, it seems pretty airtight; Stalin and Mao certainly weren't religious in the conventional sense and weren't quick on persuading anyone towards religion either. But something about the comparison always bothered me.

      Then I realized why the argument can be regarded as specious. It essentially equates atheism with Communism, which has a system of morals and ethics unto itself. Communist ethics happen to be under the atheist umbrella of ethics; however, this is a lot like blaming Christianity for atrocities committed in the name of Islam. Atheism itself, like religion, is a generic term; it doesn't have enough content to be considered a belief system or a system of ethics that can be saddled with things like specific genocides and other atrocities.

      In all fairness, you need something to target that Greg, I, and others subscribe to. We're not Communists (please, Greg, back me up on that) and we don't endorse Communist ethics; so, where does that leave us? I guess your best target would be secular humanism. I don't have a lot of disagreements with that system of belief. So work from there. How many atrocities have been committed in the name of secular humanism? How many lives lost to this terrible creed?

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      • Your asking the wrong questions Zack. You are inviting to muckrake which serves no purpose. The right way is to ask what good has been performed by...... take your pick.

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      • Hi Zach
        What made the communist revolution possible was a broken-down system. Lenin, Mao and later Tito were able to take advantage of circumstances and successfully eliminate the opposition. Only from our vantage point, looking from outside in it seems like atrocities.
        Secular Humanism on the other hand is like a teenager trying to show his religious grandfather the vineyard.

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        For an atheist, you are either pretty naive or extremely dishonest. Atheism and communism are inseparable. Dropping a belief that God exists leaves a moral vacuum in man that must be filled by his own moral system. I lived under atheist communism. Without atheism there is no communism. Why do you deny this incontrovertible fact? Ditto for Nazism and fascism. No God, survival of the fittest and nastiest is the new moral law.

        For Communism to take hold, be it in my native Cuba or in my father in law's Hungary or anywhere on the planet, the first thing that goes is religious instruction. Religious schools are nationalized, taken over by the atheist establishment. Then the systematic brainwashing, or indoctrination, begins. The will of the state is the force that controls all. Rebellion, or mere disobedience, results in persecution and even death.

        Religious symbols and expressions are banned from public view. In time, religious influences fade. The new secular morality emerges. And the cultural transformation moves forward at a faster pace, until universal misery and moral decay enslave the society into total dependency on the state for the population's every need.

        "We don't endorse communist ethics." What ethics? Atheist morality is whatever the ruling elite says morality should be. In your case it is monkey morality from evolved primate altruism informed by confirmation-bias-riddled reasoning. It is moral Darwinism. The fittest rulers set the moral rules of the people. The well being of conscious creatures under the moral authority of the oppressive state is defined by "do as you are told and don't talk back or you'll be ostracized and possibly incarcerated---or worse."

        The number of lives lost in the past 100 years because of atheism is thousands of times greater than the number of lives lost in all religious wars in recorded human history combined. Deaths in religious wars are a tiny fraction of the deaths from atheist regimes' massacres. You know this. The entire world does! Why deny it? You are beating a dead horse---and looking quite foolish and disingenuous in the process.

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      • See my new post below.

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  • Zack said....
    [personal drug use doesn't harm] .... the well being of others.
    --------------------------------
    But it does result in harm to others by supporting what is basically a cultural disease in America.

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      Please directly and unambiguously link the two.

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      • When anyone buys illicit drugs they are supporting the industry and the culture that panders drugs, any drugs, no matter how dangerous and destructive on the naive, weak, and innocent people in our society. In addition to the financial support they are implicitly participating in the creating of an atmosphere of flaunting the law and lending moral support to others in the overall drug culture in America. The drug culture plays like it is just all good fun, but to a crack wh*re purposely addicted to be made into a sex slave by her pimp it isn't just all good fun at all. As I said, it is a sickness eating on America and it cannot be tolerated in a civil society. The drug war may not be all that great, but to accept or tolerate this disease eating on us is a crime in itself. So to my mind legalization would be ones own government perpetrating a crime on it own citizens.

        If the addicted were the only ones affected, that would be one thing, but it impacts the lives of their family, friends, and anyone they might encounter. The only answer I believe can work is an absolute zero tolerance supported by every citizen, but I'm afraid we have become too decadent to have the will to do that.

        As I've said before this is a pure moral decision. Does one act just considering their own desires, or do I refrain from what I want to do in order to help save my fellow man? I know it is hard to act in that way because it is such a Christian thing to do, but sometimes even the Christians get it right.

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  • Zack said.....
    .....we owe the roots of those moral instincts to our sub-human ancestors.
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    It is an oxymoron that we owe whatever moral instincts we might have to our ancestors. The animals of which you speak are not our ancestors. They are evolutionary branches in a long chain that continues back to the level of bacteria. The last branch from the hominid chain was the chimpanzee about 5 million years ago. That is about 150,000 human generations ago. Plenty of time to develop major differences, if it should matter in any case.

    I am convinced you make all these specious arguments just because you know it prods the religious, but to people that really know and understand science and evolution your remarks just look silly.

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      I was, of course, referring to H. neanderthalis, H. erectus, and other when I used the word "ancestors". The more intelligent animals that belong to other evolutionary branches all display highly similar moral behaviors that we too display, and evidence suggests that H. neanderthalis and H. erectus displayed as well. I wasn't calling dolphins our ancestors. Sigh.

      I am convinced that you scan my posts looking for a line or two to "muckrake", rather than reading the whole post for content and/or even giving ten seconds to think about what point I was trying to make.

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  • Yes Zack, you are right. I should have said moral equivalency. The basic idea is that one wrong is justified by the existence of some other wrong. A specious argument, but not moral relevancy.

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    Jim:

    You're right. Eugenics is a pretty bad business, and it is vaguely science-related. Scientific racism--well, you're gonna have to help me out with that one.

    Tell me something: if, in the bedrock of our animalistic human nature, the only constant is selfish predatory survival, how do the weak manage to survive from generation to generation and multiply? Are you aware that it is a common practice among chimpanzees for the strongest male to allow the others to eat first, and to defer to weaker members of the group in practice/play combat? How is this possible in your ultra-selfish natural world?

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    Everett:

    I just told you a story about men in war--unleashed demons and all--who sat back and carefully assessed a situation. Instead of killing a hundred Afghani insurgents (whose resolve, by the way, might impress even the Imperial Japanese Army!) and losing probably at least a dozen Rangers, they implemented a plan much like what could have been done in Japan in 1945. Guess what? It worked. 20/20 hindsight is just that, but let's not be so quick to write off possibilities. I wonder what would've happened if one of those Rangers (some of the best soldiers on the planet, by the way) had been sitting in Truman's seat. Let's just put it this way; these guys weren't behind a computer screen when it happened. I fear that sometimes you forgot that my generation currently fuels a standing U.S. military of 1.5 million and a reserve force of another 1.5 million, 10,000 of which have died in two wars over the last ten years. Alas, we're (well, you're) too busy bemoaning the death of personal responsibility and the untouchable decisions of the Greatest Generation to notice...

    I agree; our treatment of Germany and Japan after World War II was humane on an unprecedented level. I take this as more evidence that, as a species, we're improving morally. After all, that had never really been done before in the history of major civilizations going to war (and yes, that includes about 1,950 years of Christianity). Seems like you should be arguing with Toni about that, not me.

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    Scientific racism is the well documented theory of Dr. Samuel George Norton, an American physician who amassed a collection of almost 1000 skulls from around the world. Morton estimated brain size of different racial groups by pouring seed and lead shot into the skulls. He concluded that whites have larger brains than blacks on average, confirming his suspicion that blacks were inferior.

    Stephen Jay Gould attacked Morton's findings in his book The Mismeasure of Man, and was subjected to vicious criticism and ridicule by the scientific community in the 80's. James Watson in 2007 was forced out of active research despite being the co-discoverer of DNA's double helix and a Nobel laureate for attributing the problems of sub- Saharan Africa to blacks' innate inferiority.

    The biological inferiority of women, certain Hispanic populations, imbeciles and the poor were also products of scientific Darwinism. The flimsy linkages of genes to human traits have more recently, and without conclusive proof, underpinned the homosexual privileges movement. I hope you now know what the entire world has known for years about bad science shaping social views and public policy.

    Renowned primatologist Franz de Waal and the now fading star of monkey morality studies Marc Hauser have been kind of at odds with each other on innate monkey sanctity theories. De Waal has postulated that human morality is of an entirely different kind as the questionably inferential conclusions of chimp altruism. Hauser fudged his conclusions that monkeys were in fact the precursors of language and morality in humans.

    Bottom line: you may choose to believe that wild monkeys that once in a while act altruistically in the wild---or at least seem to do so---establish to a high degree of scientific certainty that humans are replete only with monkey-based good and noble tendencies. This makes no sense whatsoever. It is counter-factual and counter-experiential.

    Atheism needs science to prove this. Hauser cheated his way into his formulation of his formerly widely acclaimed "findings"---until he got exposed as a fraud and was found guilty of scientific fraud. Franz de Waal is on the money: human morality is different. Besides, the thrust in human moral science now is to find an "objective secular morality". But the problem is that every honest person knows that evolution has planted a bunch of unpleasant tendencies in our species, e.g., a tendency to Xenophobia, and a much stronger one to self-gratify.

    You seem to think that once man abandons belief in God and magical thinking he is on automatic pilot to follow only some of our tendencies and not others. This flies in the face of universal human experience. It is a fraud---like Hauser's fraud, which is the basis for this delusion.

    With no external controls, man will tend to be bad. Just watch what happens at traffic lights everywhere: if a cop is visible either on horseback, on a motorcycle or in a patrol car, people will not run the red light. No cop, lots of red light violations. Without an external source of punishment or reward, people will try to get away with as much as they can. That's human nature.

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  • Zach, no, my argument does not equate atheism with communism, any more than it equates atheism with Hitler's fascism. What communism and Hitler's fascism have in common is that they were explicitly atheist systems, as Cuba, China, etc. still are. Neither was "a system of morals and ethics unto itself." Atheism was/is a central pillar and vital to both socioeconomic systems.

    You can't argue that every crime committed in the name of Christianity (and some that weren't, like Native American deaths) counts while any crime committed in the name of atheism, and still being committed, doesn't. Your stance comes down to "I envision a different kind of atheism and so other kinds don't count." When your version has actual power and uses it only blamelessly, then you can discount previous versions. Until then, as in any other real-world discussion, history matters.

    In fact, atheism is a misnomer for the modern atheist movement, because it is anti-theist. I'll capitalize it, Anti-Theism, and predict that in a few more centuries, it will have the equivalent of the Nicene Creed.

    Few crimes have *yet* been committed in the name of secular humanism because (1) it's also new and (2) those countries where it has taken greatest hold, in Europe, devote big chunks of their economic output to social spending while (3) depending on the US to defend them militarily, as do many Asian countries.

    Full circle: the founders of both communism and German fascism could have called themselves secular humanists. They did what they did, they claimed, for the future benefit of humanity.

    Re your gratitude to Greg for "actually reading" your posts: So did I. You criticized Truman but never for not demonstrating on an atoll. If you want to now, here's my reply.

    Pray tell, how could the US have "demonstrated to the Japanese" except with a real bomb? If the Japanese didn't see the atoll with their own eyes, why would they believe it? I find it incredible that Truman had to drop a second bomb. Even when the Japanese did see "the horrific loss of life" firsthand, they didn't desist until after Nagasaki.

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  • I find this essay profound and eloquent on a lot of the lesser topics we've been discussing here and also on the main one, ethics without religion.

    http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2011/07/25/from-norway-to-hell/

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  • Zach, for the record, what is your specialty, what did you study in college? I realize one goes on studying so so-called specialties change. Still, there are formative starts and I wonder what is yours. I've been perfectly transparent in this since I know it is only fair that everyone knows my formative biases.

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