Prescribed Fire and Public Relations
Authored By: C. Fowler
Encyclopedia ID:
p541
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So. Appalachian
The Landscape
Resource Management
Ecology
Forest Health
Social Science
Environmental Threats
Land
Wildland Loss
Soil Quality
Air & Water
Severe Weather
Fire
Ignition
Severity & Spread
Post-Fire
Pests/Biota
Native
Exotic
Dispersal
Case Studies
Case Study: Spread of Invasive Plants from Roads to River Systems in Alaska
Introduction
Methods
Network Model
Example
Results
Network Model
Example
Discussion
Case Study: Evaluating Wildland Fire Danger and Prioritizing Treatments
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Analyzing Risks Using the Human Modification Framework
Overview of Conceptual Frameworks
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Case Study: Modeling Species' Climatic Niche Space & Response to Global Warming
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Maine Forests to Wind Damage
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Case Study: Information Needs, Acceptability of Risk, Trust, and Reliance
Introduction
The Present Study
Case Study: The Experience of Community Residents in a Fire-Prone Ecosystem
Introduction
The Present Study
Case Study: Probabilistic Risk Models for Multiple Disturbances: Insects and Wildfires
Introduction
Methods
Probability Framework
Results and Discussion
Bark Beetle Infestation
Fire Size
Conclusions
Case Study: Population Genetic Structure and Plant Response to Climate Change
Introduction
Material and Methods
Results
Discussion
Summary
Case Study: Assessment of Habitat Threats to Shrublands in the Great Basin
Shrublands at Risk
Regional Assessment of Habitats
Woodland and Cheatgrass Models
Application to Management
Case Study: Establishing a Nationwide Baseline of Historical Burn Severity Data
Introduction
Methods
Applications for Fire Severity Data
Conclusions
Case Study: Threats to Private Forest Lands in the U.S.A.
Introduction
Data Layers
Private Forest Contributions
Threats to Private Forest Lands
Methods
Results
Contributions
Threats
Conclusions
Case Study: A Spatial Model for Predicting Effects of Climate Change
History of the Problem
Current Impacts of Swiss Needle Cast in PNW Forests
Understanding the Disease
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessment of Oak Wilt Threat to Habitat of the Golden-Cheeked Warbler
Introduction
Characterization of Central Texas Ecosystem
Characterization of the Study Site: Ft. Hood, TX
Association between Golden-Cheeked Warbler and Oak Wilt
Oak Wilt Management Concerns and Objectives
Methods and Materials
2001 Survey
2003-04 Survey
Classification Tree Analysis
Results
Classification Tree Model
Discussion
Case Study: Managing Wildland Fire Risk in Florida
Introduction
Wildland Fire Risk
Wildland Fire Susceptibility Index
Fire Behavior Prediction Inputs
Fire Behavior Outputs
Fire Suppression Effectiveness
Calculation Example of the Cellular Value for the Probability of an Acre Burning
Fire Effects
Level of Concern Index
Fire Response Accessibility Index
Uses and Application in Florida
Case Study: Utilizing Remotely Sensed Data & Elementary Analytical Techniques to Examine Storm Damage Modeling
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: An Aquatic Multi-Scale Assessment and Planning Framework Approach
Introduction
The Six-Step Framework Template
Step 1 - Current Condition
Step 2 - Desired Future Condition
Step 3 - Risks and Threats
Step 4 - Analysis and Interpretation of the Risks and Threats
Step 5 - Conservation and Restoration Strategies
Step 6 - Inventory, Monitoring, and Research Strategies
Conclusions
Case Study: A Landscape Scale Remote Sensing/GIS Tool to Assess Eastern Hemlock Vulnerability
Introduction
Objectives
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Modeling Potential Movements of the Emerald Ash Borer
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessing Insect-Induced Tree Mortality
Introduction
Assessing Piñon Pine Mortality
Conclusions
Case Study: Evaluating Impacts of Southern Pine Beetles and Hemlock Woolly Adelgids
Introduction
Background
Methods
Results and Discussion
Directions for Future Research
Case Study: Using Historical Photography to Monitor and Assess Threats over Time
Introduction
Why Photography?
Why Not Photography?
Tools for Getting Historical Photos in GIS
Analysis Options
Examples
Resources
Case Study: Assessing Annual Risk of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks Using Pheromone Traps
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
Case Study: Digital Aerial Sketchmapping and Downlink Communications
Introduction - Aerial Sketchmapping
D-ASM Mapping Software
D-ASM Mapping Hardware
RIPCom Background
Flight Tests
RIPCom 2
Summary
Case Study: Integrating Natural Disturbances and Management Activities
Introduction
Study Area
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Modeling Current Climate Conditions for Forest Pest Risk Assessment
Importance and Availability of Climate Information
Phytophthora ramorum
Methods
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Producing Local, Regional, and National Insect and Disease Risk Maps
The Assessment Framework
Discussion/ Conclusions
Case Study: Uncertainty Estimation for Map-Based Analyses
Introduction
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessing Risks to Multiple Resources Affected by Wildfire and Forest Management
Introduction
Study Area
The CRAFT Process
Summary
Case Study: Moderate Resolution Data and Gradient Nearest Neighbor Imputation
Introduction
Existing Methods for Regional-National Vegetation Mapping and Risk Assessment
Study Objectives
Methods
The Study Area
Moderate Resolution Predictor Data
The Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN) Method of Predictive Vegetation Mapping
Model Evaluation and Accuracy Assessment
Results
Discussion- Accuracy of GNN Vegetation Maps
Case Study: Risk Analysis and Guidelines for Harvest Activities to Minimize Oak Wilt Threat
Introduction
Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis Results
Discussion
Case Study: Previsual Detection of Two Conifer-Infesting Adelgid Species
Invasive Adelgids in North American Conifers
Conifer Resistance to Insect Attack
Spectral Data
Implications for Detection and Delineation of Forest Insect Infestations
Case Study: Estimating the Susceptibility to Phytophthora alni Globally
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Air Pollution Increases Forest Susceptibility to Wildfires, San Bernardino Mountains
Introduction
Effects of Periodic Drought
Susceptibility to Successful Bark Beetle Attack
Conclusions
About Us
Conference 2006
Contribute
So. Pine Beetle
So. Fire Science
Fire Behavior
Overview
Fuels
Fuel Categories
Physical Fuel Properties
Chemical Fuel Properties
Fuel Moisture
Fuel Availability and Consumption
Flammability of Southern Plant Species
Fire Weather
Temperature
Sources of Weather Information for Prescribed Burns
Atmospheric Moisture
Atmospheric Stability
General Winds
Convective Winds
Air Masses and Fronts
Clouds and Precipitation
Thunderstorms
Fire Climate Regions Index
Fire Behavior
Combustion and Heat Transfer
The Fire Triangle and Combustion
Phases of Combustion
Heat Transfer
Fire Intensity
Fire Spread
Ground Fires
Surface Fires
Crown Fires
Spotting
Fire Growth
Fire Shape
Rate of Spread
Extreme Fire Behavior
Fire Whirls
Vortex Phenomena
Fires and Plumes
Modeling Smoke Transport and Dispersion
Haines Index
Flame Characteristics
Flame Height
Flame Length
Flame Depth
Flame Angle or Tilt
Bark Char Height
Fire Behavior Prediction Systems
Limitations of Fire Behavior Models
BEHAVE Plus Fire Modeling System
FARSITE
Fuel Models
Fire Danger Rating Systems
History of the National Fire Danger Rating System
Fire Effects
Air Quality
Air Quality Regulations and Fire
Magnitude of Fire Contributions to Air Quality Impact
Characterization of Emissions from Fires
Transport, Dispersion, and Modeling of Fire Emissions
Atmospheric and Plume Chemistry
Estimating the Air Quality Impacts of Fire
Smoke Impacts
Research and Development
Water Quality
Fire Effects on Stream Nutrients
Fire Effects on Stream Sediments
Fire Effects on Watershed Hydrology
Thermal Effects of Fire on Streams
Fire and Riparian Zones
Fire and Wetlands
Soil
Overview
Soil Heating
Soil Physical Properties
Soil Organic Matter
Soil Nutrients
Soil Biota
Soil Erosion
Management Guidelines
Plants
Fire Autecology of Plants
Animals
Fire Effects on Fauna- Overview
Fire Effects on Invertebrates
Effects of Fire on Pollinating Insects
Fire Effects on Aquatic Fauna
Fire Effects on Periphyton
Fire Effects on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates
Fire Effects on Fish
Fire and Fauna: Management and Research Implications
Direct Effects of Fire and Immediate Animal Responses
Fire Effects on Animal Populations
Effects of Altered Fire Regimes on Animal Populations
Animal Influences on Postfire Habitat
Fire Effects on Communities
Fire Effects on Fauna at Landscape Scales
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Southeastern Forests
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Eastern Deciduous Forests
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Prairie Grassland
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Northern Forests
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Western Forests
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods in Western Woodlands, Shrublands, and Grasslands
Fire Effects on Birds
Injury and Mortality in Birds
Fire Effects on Northern Bobwhites
Escape, Emigration, and Immigration in Birds
Fire Effects on Bird Populations
Bird Community Responses to Understory Fire Regimes
Bird Community Responses to Stand-Replacement Fires in Grasslands and Shrub-Grasslands
Bird Community Responses to Stand-replacement Fires in Shrublands
Bird Community Responses to Stand-Replacement Fires in Forests and Woodlands
Bird Community Responses to Mixed-Severity Fire Regimes
Table: Classification of Changes in Bird Abundance into Response Categories
Fire Effects on Mammals
Injury and Mortality in Mammals
Escape, Emigration, and Immigration in Mammals
Fire Effects on Mammal Populations
Fire Effects on Reptiles and Amphibians
Injury and Mortality in Reptiles and Amphibians
Reptile and Amphibian Emigration and Immigration
Fire Effects on Reptile and Amphibian Populations
Fire Severity
Residence Time
Depth of Burn
Crown Scorch
Composite Burn Index
Fire & People
Human Health Impacts of Fire
Hazard Identification
Fire, Human Health, and Air Quality
Exposure Assessment
Dose-Response Assessment
Risk Management
Limitations of Research on Health Effects of Fire
Recreation and Fire
Economic Impacts of Fire
Incentives for wildfire risk management
Fire in the Wildland Urban Interface
Special Issues in Wildland Urban Interface Fires
Mitigating Fire Hazard in the Wildland Urban Interface
Fire Management Policies
Fire Education Programs
Federal Fire Agency Programs
State Fire Education Programs
Interagency Fire Education Programs
Non-Governmental Fire Education Programs
Effects of Fire Education Programs
Obstacles to Implementing Fire Education
PowerPoint Presentations from the Wildland/Urban Interface Prevention Exchange workshop that was held in Birmingham, Alabama in May 2003
A History of People and Fire in the South
Overview of the Fire History Section
Human Use of Fire in Prehistory (12,500 BP to AD 1540s)
The Link Between Human History, Fire Regimes, and Vegetation in the Prehistoric South
Human Use of Fire in History (1540s to 1900s)
Ethnohistorical Descriptions of Indian Burning Practices
The Period of Fire Suppression and Other Fire Regimes (1890s to 1980s)
Fire Management (1940s to Present)
Research Issues in History of Fire and People
Knowledge and Attitudes about Fire Among Southerners
The Meaning of Knowledge and Attitudes
Tools to Help Managers Understand Public Knowledge and Attitudes
Barriers to Public Support of Fuel Reduction Strategies
Factors Affecting Southerners’ Knowledge and Attitudes
The Link between Attitudes about Fire and Environmental Values
Southerners’ Attitudes About Prescribed Fire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Wildfire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Creating Defensible Space
Tourism and Perceptions of Fire in the South
The Aesthetics of Fire
The Meaning of Aesthetics
National Legislation Related to the Aesthetics of American Landscapes
Planning Tools for Managing Landscape Aesthetics
Using Fire to Manage Aesthetics
Fire, Aesthetics, and Recreation
Prescribed Fire
Uses of Prescribed Fire
Silvicultural Objectives
Manage Pines
Manage Upland Hardwoods
Site Preparation
Manage Competing Vegetation
Dispose of Logging Debris
Hazardous Fuel Reduction
Ecological Maintenance
Manage Fire-dependent Species
Control Insects And Disease
Using Prescribed Fire to Control Brown spot needle blight
Prescribed Fire and the Southern pine beetle
Using Prescribed Fire to Control Annosus Root and Butt Rot
Improve Wildlife Habitat
Range Management
Enhance Appearance
Improve Access
Weather and Fuel Considerations
Wind Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Relative Humidity Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Temperature Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Rainfall and Soil Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Airmass Stability and Atmospheric Dispersion Considerations
Fine-Fuel Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Topographical Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Sources of Weather Information
Firing Techniques
Backing Fires
Strip-Heading Fire
Flanking Fire
Point Source Fires
Aerial Ignition
Center and Circular (Ring) Firing
Pile and Windrow Burning
Planning and Conducting Prescribed Burns
Planning a Prescribed Burn
The Written Burn Plan
Preparing for a Prescribed Burn
Executing a Prescribed Burn
Evaluating a Prescribed Burn
Prescribed Burning Rules of Thumb
Red Flag Situations in Prescribed Burning
State Prescribed Burn Statutes
Alabama
Puerto Rico
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisana
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
Prescribed Fire and Public Relations
Smoke Management
The Need
Problem and Nuisance Smoke
Smoke Management Meteorology
Reducing and Redistributing Emissions
Smoke Management Programs
Administration and Evaluation
Wildfire
Fire in Today's South
Wildfire Mitigation
Fire Control and Suppression
Wildland Fire Rehabilitation and Restoration
Fire Control History
Current Fire Policy's Impact on Fire Control and Suppression In the South
Current Issues: Fire in the South's Urbanizing Landscape
Wildfire Occurence
Fire Ecology
Longleaf Pine
Community Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Vegetation
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Fire and Montane Longleaf Pine
Shortleaf Pine
Community Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Shortleaf Pine
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Pocosins
Distribution and Composition of Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Fire Regimes of Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Fire Effects in Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Prescribed Fire in Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Pond Pine
Distribution and Ecological Associates of Pond Pine
Fire Effects and Fire Ecology
Pond Pine: Intense Fire Adaptations
Prescribed Fire in Pond Pine Cover Types
Shrub bogs
Distribution and Composition of Shrub Bogs
Fire Regimes of Shrub Bogs
Fire Effects in Shrub Bogs
Prescribed Fire in Shrub Bogs
Canebrakes
Distribution and Composition of Canebrakes
Ecological Importance of Giant Cane
Fire Effects on Canebrakes
Prescribed Fire and Canebrakes
Florida Scrub
Distribution and Composition of Florida Scrub
Endemism in Florida Scrub
Fire Regime of Florida Scrub
Human Alterations of Fire Regime of Florida Scrub
Life History Strategies of Florida Scrub Plants
Fire Effects in Florida Scrub
Prescribed Fire in Florida Scrub
Research Gaps in Florida Scrub Fire Ecology and Management
Loblolly Pine
Distribution, Environment, and Associated Species
Historical Vegetation, Land Use, and Fire Regimes of Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Ecology of Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Effects on Forest Health in Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Effects on Water and Soils In Loblolly Pine Forests
Prescribed Fire in Loblolly Pine Forests
Freshwater marshes
Using Prescribed Fire in Freshwater Marshes
Freshwater Marshes: Community Description
Fire Regime of Freshwater Marshes
Fire Effects in Freshwater Marshes
Melaleuca Swamps
Prescribed Fire and Melaleuca
Fire and Melaleuca Biology
Fire Regime Changes and Melaleuca
Melaleuca: Distribution and Ecological Associates
The Everglades
Prescribed Fire in the Everglades
Everglades: Location, Extent and Environmental Factors
Everglades: Flora and Fauna
Everglades Fire Regime
Fire Effects in the Everglades
Table Mountain Pine
Community Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Vegetation
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Northern Hardwoods
Ecosystem Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects
Effects of Fire Suppression
Salt and Brackish Marshes
Distribution and Composition of Coastal Marshes
Fire Regime of Coastal Marsh
Fire Ecology of Coastal Marsh
Fire and Coastal Marsh Birds
Fire Effects on Coastal Marsh Vegetation
Prescribed Burning of Coastal Marsh
Fire Management of Coastal Marshes: Research Needs
Isolated Herbaceous Wetlands
Xeric Oak-pine
Fire Regimes of Xeric-oak Pine Forests
Fire Ecology of Pitch and Virginia Pine
Oaks and Fire
Using Prescribed Fire in Oak-pine Forests
Grassy and Heath Balds
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Flora and Fauna
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Oak-hickory
Oak-Hickory Forests: Extent and Description
Fire Regimes of Oak Hickory Forests
Fire Effects and the Effects of Fire Suppression in Oak-Hickory Forests
Prescribed Fire Use in Oak-hickory Forests
Cypress Ponds
Distribution and Composition of Cypress Ponds
Fire Regime of Pond Cypress Wetlands
Fire Ecology of Pond Cypress Wetlands
Prescribed Fire and Pond Cypress Wetlands
Hardwood Hammocks
Hardwood Hammocks: Ecosystem Description
Fire Regimes
Comparison of Fire Regime Classification Systems
Florida Dry Prairie
Ecosystem Description
Rangeland Uses
Fire Regime
Fire Effects
Fire Effects on Fauna
Prescribed Fire
Mechanical Treatments
Oak Savannas
Distribution and Composition of Oak Savannas
Fire Regime and Other Disturbances in Oak Savannas
Fire Effects on Vegetation and Animals
Decline of Oak Savannas
Restoration and Maintenance of Oak Savannas
So. Bioenergy
Understanding Bioenergy
Southern Resources
Management
Harvesting
Utilization
Economics
Sustainability
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