PlayStation

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This article is about the PlayStation brand. For the first-generation console, see PlayStation (console). For other uses, see PlayStation (disambiguation).
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PlayStation
Playstation logo colour.svg
Type Video game console
Current owner Sony Computer Entertainment
Country of origin Japan
Introduced 1994
Markets Worldwide
Website Japan
North America
Europe

The PlayStation (abbreviated PS) brand is a line of video game consoles created and developed by Sony Computer Entertainment, it was first introduced by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan on December 3, 1994.[1] The PlayStation currently spans the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations of video gaming. The brand consists of a total of three consoles, a media center, an online service and a handheld as well as multiple magazines.

The original PlayStation was the first "computer entertainment platform" to ship 100 million units, which it had reached 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch.[2] Its successor the PlayStation 2 is the best-selling console to date, having reached over 140 million units sold as of September 30, 2009.[3] Sony's current console the PlayStation 3 has sold over 35.7 million consoles worldwide as of March 31st, 2010.[4] The first Handheld game console in the PlayStation series, the PlayStation Portable (PSP), has sold a total of 60 million units worldwide as of March 14, 2010.[5] The PlayStation Network also has over 40 million users worldwide.[6]

Contents

[edit] Consoles

[edit] PlayStation

The original PlayStation
Main article: PlayStation (console)

The original PlayStation, released in December 1994, was the first of the ubiquitous PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices, which has included successor consoles and upgrades including the Net Yaroze (a special black PlayStation with tools and instructions to program PlayStation games and applications), "PSone" (a smaller version of the original) and the PocketStation (a handheld which enhances PlayStation games and also acts as a memory card). It was part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, competing against the Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64. By March 31, 2005, the PlayStation and PSone had shipped a combined total of 102.49 million units,[7] becoming the first video game console to reach the 100 million mark.[8]

Main article: PS one

Released in July 2000, concurrently with its successor the PlayStation 2, the PS one was a smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation video game console and was considerably smaller than the original PlayStation. Originally launched on July 7, 2000,[9] it went on to outsell all-other consoles including its successor the PlayStation 2 throughout the remainder of the year.[10] It featured two main changes from its predecessor, the first being a cosmetic change to the console and the second being home menu's Graphical User Interface.

[edit] PlayStation 2

The original PlayStation 2
Main article: PlayStation 2

Released in 2000, 15 months after the Dreamcast and a year before its other competitors, the Xbox and the Nintendo GameCube, the PlayStation 2 is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles, and is backwards-compatible with most, if not all, original PlayStation games. It has also been released as a media center configuration and also, like its predecessor, a slimmer redesign. It is the most successful console in the world,[11][12] having reached over 140 million units in sales as of July 20, 2008.[13] On November 29, 2005, the PS2 became the fastest game console to reach 100 million units shipped, accomplishing the feat within 5 years and 9 months from its launch. This achievement occurred faster than its predecessor, the PlayStation, which took "9 years and 6 months since launch" to reach the same benchmark.[8] It is the most popular console in the series.

Main article: PlayStation 2 Slimline

Released in 2004, four years after the launch of the original PlayStation 2, the PlayStation 2 Slimline was the first major redesign of the PlayStation 2. Unlike its predecessor the Slimline was smaller, thinner, and quieter and also included a built-in Ethernet port (in some markets it also has an integrated modem). In 2007, Sony began shipping a revision of the Slimline which was lighter than the original Slimline together with a lighter AC adaptor.[14] In 2008, Sony released yet another revision of the Slimline which had an overhauled internal design incorporating the power supply into the console itself like the original PlayStation 2 with a further reduced total weight of the console.[15]

[edit] PlayStation 3

The original PlayStation 3
Main article: PlayStation 3

Released on November 11, 2006, the PlayStation 3 is the third and current iteration in the series. It competes with the Xbox 360 and the Wii in the seventh generation of video game consoles. It is the first console in the series to introduce the use of motion controls in games through the use of the SIXAXIS Wireless Controller along with other features, such as Blu-ray Disc and Full High-definition resolution graphics capability. The PlayStation 3 comes in 20 GB, 40 GB, 60 GB, 80 GB, 160 GB, 120 GB, and 250GB, with the last two being the current models. It features a Slim model similar to its predecessors. As of September 30, 2009, the PlayStation 3 has sold 33.5 million units worldwide, according to Sony Computer Entertainment.[16]

Main article: PlayStation 3 Slim

Released in 2009, the redesigned model of the PlayStation 3 is the only model in production. The redesigned model is 33% smaller, 36% lighter, and consumes 34% to 45% less power than previous models.[17][18] In addition it features a redesigned cooling system and a smaller Cell processor which was moved to a 45nm manufacturing process.[19] It sold in excess of a million units in its first 3 weeks on sale.[20] The redesign also features support for CEC (more commonly referred to by its manufacturer brandings of BraviaSync, VIERA Link, EasyLink and others) which allows control of the console over HDMI by using the remote control to use as a controller. The PS3 slim also runs quieter and cooler than previous models due to its 45 nm Cell. The PS3 Slim no longer has the "main power" switch (similar to PlayStation 2 slim), like the previous PS3 models, which was located at the back of the console.[17] The PS3 slim was officially released on September 1, 2009 in North America and Europe and on September 3, 2009 in Japan, Australia and New Zealand.[17][21][22]

[edit] Comparison

[edit] Handheld systems

[edit] PlayStation Portable

The original PlayStation Portable.
Main article: PlayStation Portable

Released in March 2005,[33] the PlayStation Portable (PSP) was Sony's first handheld console. The console is the first to utilizes a new proprietary optical storage medium known as Universal Media Disc (UMD), which can store both games and movies.[34][35] It contains 32MB of internal flash memory storage, expandable via Memory Stick PRO Duo cards.[36] It has a similar control layout to the PS3 with its PlayStation logo button and its PlayStationTriangle.svg ('Triangle'), PlayStationCircle.svg ('Circle/O'), PlayStationX.svg ('Cross/X') and PlayStationSquare.svg ('Square') buttons.

Main articles: PSP Slim and Lite and PSP-3000

Released in September 2007, the PSP Slim and Lite was the first major hardware revision of the PlayStation Portable. The Slim and Lite was 33% lighter and 19% slimmer than the original PlayStation Portable.[37][38] The battery was also reduced by 1/3. However, due to more efficient power usage, the run time of the PSP is still the same as the previous model. Older model batteries will still work which extends the amount of playing time.[39] The PSP Slim & Lite has a new gloss finish. The serial port was also modified in order to accommodate a new video-out feature (while rendering older PSP remote controls incompatible). In PSP-2000, PSP games will only output to external monitors or TVs in progressive scan mode, so televisions incapable of supporting progressive scan will not display PSP games. Non-game video outputs fine in either progressive or interlaced mode, USB charging was also made possible.[40] Buttons are also reportedly more responsive on the Slim and Lite.[41]. In 2008, Sony released a second hardware revision called the PSP-3000 featuring several additional features, such as a built-in microphone and upgraded screen, which were not present in the Slim and Lite.[42]

The PSP Go
Main article: PSP Go

Released in October 2009,[43] the PSP Go is the biggest redesign of the PlayStation Portable to date, unlike previous PSP models the PSP Go does not feature a UMD drive, but instead has 16GB of internal flash memory to store games, video, and other media.[44] This can be extended by up to 32GB with the use of a Memory Stick Micro (M2) flash card. Also unlike previous PSP models, the PSP Go's rechargeable battery is not removable or replaceable by the user. The unit is 43% lighter and 56% smaller than the original PSP-1000,[45] and 16% lighter and 35% smaller than the PSP-3000.[46] It has a 3.8" 480×272 LCD[47] (compared to the larger 4.3" 480×272 pixel LCD on previous PSP models).[48] The screen slides up to reveal the main controls. The overall shape and sliding mechanism are similar to that of Sony's mylo COM-2 internet device.[49] The PSP Go is being produced and sold concurrently with its predecessor the PSP-3000 and will not replace it.[45] All games on the PSP Go must be purchased and downloaded from the PlayStation Store as the handheld is not compatible with the original PSP's physical media, the Universal Media Disc. The handheld also features connectivity with the PlayStation 3's controllers the Sixaxis and DualShock 3 via Bluetooth connection.[46]

[edit] Other Hardware

[edit] PSX

The PSX
Main article: PSX (DVR)

Released in 2003, the PSX was a Sony digital video recorder fully integrated with the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 video game consoles and was released solely in Japan. It was the first Sony product to utilize the XrossMediaBar (XMB).[50] The PSX can also be linked with a PlayStation Portable to transfer videos and music via USB ports.[51] It also features software for video, photo and audio editing.[50] It supports online game compatibility using an internal broadband adapter. Games that utilize the PS2 HDD (for example Final Fantasy XI) are supported as well.[52] It is the first product released by Sony under the PlayStation brand to not include a controller with the device itself.[53]

[edit] Pocketstation

Main article: PocketStation

The PocketStation was a miniature game console created by SCE as a peripheral for the original PlayStation. Released exclusively in Japan on December 23, 1998, it features an LCD display, a speaker, a real-time clock, and infrared communication capability. It can also be used as a standard PlayStation memory card.

[edit] Games

Main articles: List of PlayStation 1 games, List of PlayStation 2 games, List of PlayStation 3 games, List of PlayStation Portable games, and List of PlayStation Store games

Each console has a wide variety of games. Most games released on the original PlayStation are backwards compatible and can be played directly on its successors, the PlayStation 2, PSX and PlayStation 3, some of these games can also be played on the PlayStation Portable however these games must be purchased and downloaded from a list of PSOne Classics from the PlayStation Store. Games released on the PlayStation 2 can currently only be played on the original console as well as the PSX and the early models of the PlayStation 3 which were backwards compatible. The PlayStation 3 has two kinds of games, those released on Blu-ray Discs as well as downloadable games from the PlayStation Store. The PlayStation Portable consists of numerous games available on both its physical media the Universal Media Disc as well as through Digital Download from the PlayStation Store, however some games are only available on the UMD while others are only available on the PlayStation Store.

[edit] Re-releases

Main articles: Greatest Hits, Platinum Range, The Best range, and PSone Classics

Greatest Hits (North America), Platinum Range (PAL territories) and The Best (Japan and Asia) are video games for the Sony PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Portable consoles that have been officially re-released at a lower price by Sony. Each region has its own qualifications to enter the program. Initially during the PlayStation era, for a game to enter the Greatest Hits range, it had to sell at least 150,000 copies (later 250,000)[54] and be on the market for at least a year.[55] During the PlayStation 2 era, the requirements increased with the minimum number of copies sold increasing to 400,000 in addition the game had to be on the market for at least 9 months.[56] For the PlayStation Portable, games had to be on the market for at least 9 months and have sold 250,000 copies or more.[57] Currently, a PlayStation 3 game must be on the market for 10 months and sell at least 500,000 copies to meet the Greatest Hits criteria.[58] PSone Classics were games that were released originally on the PlayStation that have been re-released on the PlayStation Store for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable.

[edit] Online Services

Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion.

[edit] PlayStation Network

PlayStation Network Logo
Main article: PlayStation Network

Released in 2006, the PlayStation Network is a unified online service[59] focusing on online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery. The service provided/run by Sony Computer Entertainment for use with the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable video game consoles.[60] The service currently has over 40 million users worldwide.[6]

[edit] PlayStation Store

Main article: PlayStation Store

The PlayStation Store is an online virtual market available to users of the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable game consoles via the PlayStation Network. The store uses both physical currency and PlayStation Network Cards. The PlayStation Store's gaming content is updated every Thursday and offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game and movie trailers. The service is accessible through an icon on the XMB on the PS3 and PSP. The PS3 store can also be accessed on the PSP via a Remote Play connection to the PS3. The PSP store is also available via the PC application, Media Go. As of September 24, 2009, there have been over 600 million downloads from the PlayStation Store worldwide.[61]

Video content such as films and television shows are also available from the PlayStation Store on the PlayStation 3 and PSP and will be made available on some new Sony BRAVIA televisions, VAIO laptop computers and Sony Blu-ray Disc players from February 2010.[62]

[edit] Life with PlayStation

Main article: Life with PlayStation

Life with PlayStation is a Folding@home application available for the PS3 which connects to Stanford University’s Folding@home distributed computer network and allows the user to donate their console's spare processing cycles to the project. This research may eventually contribute to the creation of vital cures. Folding@home is supported by Stanford University and volunteers who are making a contribution to society by donating computing power to this project. The Folding@home client was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment in collaboration with Stanford University.

Life with PlayStation also consists of a 3D virtual view of the Earth, containing current weather and news information of various cities and countries from around the world.

[edit] Online social networking services

[edit] PlayStation Home

PlayStation Home Logo
Main article: PlayStation Home

PlayStation Home is a community-based social gaming networking service for the PlayStation 3 on the PlayStation Network (PSN). It is available directly from the PlayStation 3 XrossMediaBar. Membership is free, and only requires a PSN account. Home has been in development since early 2005 and started an open public beta test on December 11, 2008. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be made to suit the user's liking. Users can decorate their avatar's personal apartment ("HomeSpace") with default, bought, or won items. Users can travel throughout the Home world (except cross region) which is constantly updated by Sony and partners. Each part of the world is known as a space. Public spaces can just be for display, fun, or for meeting people. Home features many mini-games which can be single player or multiplayer. Users can shop for new items to express themselves more through their avatars or HomeSpace. Home features video screens in many places for advertising, but the main video content is shown at the theatre for entertainment. Home plays host to a variety of special events which range from prize-giving events to entertaining events. Users can also use Home to connect with friends and customise content. Xi, a once notable feature of Home, is the world's first console based Alternate Reality Game that took place in secret areas in Home and was created by nDreams.

[edit] Room for PlayStation Portable

Main article: Room for PlayStation Portable

"Room" (officially spelled as R∞M with capital letters and the infinity symbol in place of the "oo"), it was being beta tested in Japan from October 2009 to April 2010. Development of Room has been halted on April 15, 2010 due to negative feedback from the community.[63] Announced at TGS 2009, it was supposed to be a similar service to the PlayStation Home, was being developed for the PSP.[64] It was able to be launched directly from the PlayStation Network section of the XMB. Just like in Home, PSP owners would have been able to invite other PSP owners into their rooms to "enjoy real time communication."[65] A closed beta test had begun in Q4 2009 in Japan.[66]

[edit] Software

Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion.
See also: PlayStation 3 system software and PlayStation Portable system software

[edit] XrossMediaBar

XMB on the PlayStation 3
Main article: XrossMediaBar

The XrossMediaBar is a graphical user interface currently used for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable as well as a variety of other Sony devices, it was originally used on the PSX. The interface features icons that are spread horizontally across the screen. Navigation moves the icons, instead of a cursor. These icons are used as categories to organize the options available to the user. When an icon is selected on the horizontal bar, several more appear vertically, above and below it (selectable by the up and down directions on a directional pad).

[edit] In-game XMB

Main article: In-game XMB

In-games XMB allows players to access certain areas of the XMB menu from within the game and is only available for the PlayStation 3. Although the capacity to play users' own music in-game was added with this update, the feature is dependant on game developers who must enable the feature in their games, or update existing games.[67]

[edit] Linux operating systems

[edit] Linux for PlayStation 2

Main article: Linux for PlayStation 2

In 2002, Sony released the first useful and fully functioning operating system for a video game console, after the Net Yaroze experiment for the original PlayStation. The kit, which included an internal hard disk drive and the necessary software tools, turned the PlayStation 2 into a full fledged computer system running Linux.

[edit] Linux for PlayStation 3

Main article: Linux for PlayStation 3

The PlayStation 3 (excluding Playstation 3 Slim) also supports running Linux OS, on firmwares prior to 3.21, without the need for buying additional hardware purchase. Yellow Dog Linux provides an official distribution that can be downloaded, and other distributions such as Fedora, Gentoo and Ubuntu have been successfully installed and operated on the console.

[edit] Controllers

[edit] Early PlayStation controllers

The PlayStation control pad.
Main articles: PlayStation control pad, PlayStation Analog Joystick, and Dual Analog Controller

Released in 1994, the PlayStation control pad was the first controller made for the original PlayStation. It featured a basic design of a D-pad, 4 main select buttons [ PlayStationTriangle.svg ('Triangle'), PlayStationCircle.svg ('Circle/O'), PlayStationX.svg ('Cross/X') and PlayStationSquare.svg ('Square')], and start and select buttons on the face. They also feature 'shoulder buttons' on the top [L1, L2, R1, R2] (named by the side [L=Left, R=Right] and 1 or 2 [top and bottom]). It was subsequently replaced as the dominant PlayStation controller by the Dual Analog which was released in 1997. The main difference between the two controllers was the addition of two analog sticks which can be used in games.[68] However, prior to the Dual Analog Sony had released the PlayStation Analog Joystick in 1996. Its design was notably different from its successor and predecessor.[69]

[edit] DualShock series

The DualShock 3 controller.
Main article: DualShock

Released in 1998, the DualShock controller for the PlayStation succeeded its predecessor the Dual Analog and would go on to become the longest running series on controllers for the PlayStation brand. DualShocks possess 2 analog sticks which can be depressed as buttons known as the L3 and R3, a D-pad, 4 main select buttons [ PlayStationTriangle.svg ('Triangle'), PlayStationCircle.svg ('Circle/O'), PlayStationX.svg ('Cross/X') and PlayStationSquare.svg ('Square')], and start and select buttons on the face. They also feature 'shoulder buttons' on the top [L1, L2, R1, R2] (named by the side [L=Left, R=Right] and 1 or 2 [top and bottom]).

The DualShock series consists of three controllers, the DualShock which is the fourth controller released for the PlayStation, the DualShock 2 the only standard controller released of the PlayStation 2 and the DualShock 3 the second and current controller released for the PlayStation 3.

Like the Dual Analog, the DualShock and DualShock 2 feature an 'Analog Button' between the analog sticks that toggles the analog sticks on and off (for use with games which only support the digital input of the original controller). On the PlayStation 3 Sixaxis and DualShock 3 controllers, the analog sticks are always enabled. Beginning with the PlayStation 3, a 'PlayStation button' (which featured the incorporated PS logo and is similar in function to the Xbox 360 "Guide" button) was included on the controller. The PlayStation button replaces the 'Analog Button' of the DualShock and DualShock 2 controllers. Pressing the PS button on the PS3 brings up the XMB, while holding it down brings up system options (such as quit the game, change controller settings, turn off the system, and turn off the controller).

[edit] PlayStation Move

Main article: PlayStation Move
The PlayStation Move controller.

PlayStation Move is an upcoming motion-sensing game controller platform for the PlayStation 3 (PS3) video game console by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). Based on handheld motion controller wand, PlayStation Move uses the PlayStation Eye webcam to track the wand's position, and inertial sensors in the wand to detect its motion. First revealed on June 2, 2009, PlayStation Move is slated for worldwide launch in Q3/Q4 2010. Hardware available at launch includes the main PlayStation Move motion controller, and an optional PlayStation Move sub-controller.[70]

Although PlayStation Move is implemented on the existing PlayStation 3 console, Sony states that it is treating Move's debut as its own major "platform launch," planning an aggressive marketing campaign to support it. In addition to selling the controllers individually,[71] Sony also plans to provide several different bundle options for PlayStation Move hardware; including a starter kit with a PS Eye, a Move motion controller, and a demo/sampler disc, priced under US$100;[72] a full console pack with a PS3 console, DualShock 3 gamepad, PS Eye, and Move motion controller; and bundles of a Move motion controller with select games.[71] Specific pricing has not been decided.[70]

[edit] Media

Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion.

[edit] Magazines

The PlayStation brand as a wide series of magazines covering PlayStation related articles and stories across different continents, many of these magazine worked closely with Sony and thus often come with demo discs for PlayStation games for example the Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine gave out demo discs for Final Fantasy VIII. Over the years, many PlayStation magazines have spawned while a few have also become defunct, these include:

[edit] Current

[edit] Defunct

[edit] Marketing

[edit] Slogans

Advertising slogans used for each PlayStation console iteration:

[edit] PlayStation

[edit] PSOne

[edit] PlayStation 2

[edit] PlayStation Portable

[edit] PlayStation 3

[edit] Notable advertising campaigns

Main article: Kevin Butler (character)

The most notable of recent PlayStation commercials would be the series of "It Only Does Everything" commercials featuring a fictional character called Kevin Butler who is a Vice President at PlayStation. These commercials usually advertise the PlayStation 3 and its games through a series of comedic answers to "Dear PlayStation" queries/[73]

[edit] Controversial advertising campaigns

The PlayStation brand has gained a rather infamous reputation of occasionally utilizing extremely unique and often controversial advertising campaigns throughout various regions in the world.

[edit] PSP

Sony admitted in late 2005 to hiring good graffiti artists to spray paint advertisements for the PSP in seven major U.S. cities including New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. The mayor of Philadelphia has filed a cease and desist order and may file a criminal complaint. According to Sony, it is paying businesses and building owners for the right to spraypaint their walls.[74]

In 2006, Sony ran a poster campaign in England. One of the poster designs with the slogan "Take a running jump here" was removed from a Manchester Piccadilly station tram platform due to concerns that it might encourage suicide.[75]

In July 2006, Sony released an advertising campaign in the Netherlands featuring a Caucasian model dressed entirely in white and a black model dressed entirely in black. One ad in particular featured the white model clutching the face of the black model, with the words "White is coming" headlining the ad. The ad has been viewed as racist by critics.[76] A Sony spokesperson responded that the ad does not have a racist message, saying that it was only trying to depict the contrast between the black PSP model and the new ceramic white PSP. Other pictures of the ad campaign include the black model overpowering the white model.[77]

In November 2006, a marketing company employed by Sony's American division created a website entitled "All I want for Xmas is a PSP", designed to promote the PSP virally. The site contained a blog, which was purportedly written by "Charlie", a teenager attempting to get his friend Jeremy's parents to buy him a PSP, providing a "music video" of either Charlie or Jeremy "rapping" about the PSP. Visitors to the website quickly recognized that the website was registered to a marketing company, exposing the campaign on sites such as YouTube and digg, and Sony was forced to admit that the site was in fact a marketing campaign. In an interview with next-gen.biz, Sony admitted that the idea was "poorly executed".[78]

[edit] PlayStation 3

In September 2009, Sony revised one commercial in their "It only does... EVERYTHING" campaign after a complaint was made by the Nigerian government. Prof Dora Akunyili, Minister of Information and Communication, said that the advert was a "deliberate negative campaign against the country's image and reputation". The commercial showed one man trying to convince another that the rumours about the PlayStation 3 selling for the lower price of $299 were true. The man replies "You can't believe everything you read on the Internet otherwise I'd be a Nigerian millionaire by now." referencing the common 419 scams originating in Nigeria. Sony issued an apology and a new version of the advert with the offending line changed.[79]

[edit] Reception

Wiki letter w.svg This section requires expansion with:
examples and additional citations.

In 2010, Gizmodo stated that the PlayStation brand was one of the last Sony products to completely stand apart from its competitors stating that "If you ask the average person on the street what their favorite Sony product is, more often than not you'll hear PlayStation".[80]

[edit] References

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