Automotive industry

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The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide.[1]

In 2007, a total of 79.9 million new automobiles were sold worldwide: 22.9 million in Europe, 21.4 million in Asia-Pacific, 19.4 million in USA and Canada, 4.4 million in Latin America, 2.4 million in the Middle East and 1.4 million in Africa.[2] The markets in North America and Japan were stagnant, while those in South America and other parts of Asia grew strongly. Of the major markets, China, Russia, Brazil and India saw the most rapid growth.

About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China.[3] In the opinion of some, urban transport systems based around the car have proved unsustainable, consuming excessive energy, affecting the health of populations, and delivering a declining level of service despite increasing investments. Many of these negative impacts fall disproportionately on those social groups who are also least likely to own and drive cars.[4][5][6] The sustainable transport movement focuses on solutions to these problems.

In 2008, with rapidly rising oil prices, industries such as the automotive industry, are experiencing a combination of pricing pressures from raw material costs and changes in consumer buying habits. The industry is also facing increasing external competition from the public transport sector, as consumers re-evaluate their private vehicle usage.[7] Roughly half of the US's fifty-one light vehicle plants are projected to permanently close in the coming years, with the loss of another 200,000 jobs in the sector, on top of the 560,000 jobs lost this decade.[8] China became both the largest automobile producer and market in the world after experiencing massive growth in 2009.

Contents

[edit] History

The first practical automobile with a Petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 - from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back - that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.

Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle;.[9]:p.26 Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[9]:p.26

Main article: Automotive industry by country

[edit] Crisis in the automotive industry

Main article: Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009

[edit] World motor vehicle production

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production

[edit] By Country

v • d • e
« previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2008 next year »
Motor vehicle production (units)
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000
 Japan 11,563,629
 China 9,345,101
 United States 8,705,239
 Germany 6,040,582
 South Korea 3,806,682
 Brazil 3,220,475
 France 2,568,978
 Spain 2,541,644
 India 2,314,662
 Mexico 2,191,230
 Canada 2,077,589
 Russia 1,790,301
 UK 1,649,515
 Thailand 1,393,742
 Turkey 1,147,110
 Iran 1,051,430
 Italy 1,023,774
 Poland 950,908
 Czech Rep. 945,822
 Belgium 724,498
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. Retrieved 2009-06-24. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

[edit] By Manufacturer

v • d • e
« previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume 2008
Total motor vehicle production
Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Toyota 9,237,780
General Motors 8,282,803
Volkswagen* 6,517,288
Ford 5,407,000
Honda 3,912,700
Nissan 3,395,065
PSA 3,325,407
Hyundai** 2,777,137
Suzuki 2,623,567
Fiat 2,524,325
Renault 2,417,351
Daimler 2,174,299
Chrysler 1,893,068
BMW 1,439,918
Kia** 1,395,324
Mazda 1,349,274
Mitsubishi 1,309,231
AvtoVAZ 801,563
Tata 798,265
FAW 637,720
Fuji 616,497
Isuzu 538,810
Chana Automobile 531,149
Dongfeng 489,266
Beijing Automotive 446,680
Chery 350,560
SAIC 282,003
Volvo 248,991
Brilliance 241,553
Harbin Hafei 226,754
Geely 220,955
Anhui Jianghuai 207,711
BYD 192,971
GAZ 187,053
Mahindra 162,816
Proton 157,306
Great Wall 129,651
Paccar 125,084
Chongqing Lifan 122,783
M.A.N. 108,053
Jiangxi Changhe 107,422
China National 106,377
Porsche 96,721
LUAZ 90,548
Navistar 90,264
Shannxi Auto 75,220
UAZ 72,181
Ashok Leyland 71,485
Kuozui 67,891
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Heavy Buses
Total global production: 69,561,356
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of manufacturers 2008". OICA. July 2009. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. 

* Volkswagen Group total includes Scania production figures, which OICA lists separately. Scania is a VW Group subsidiary.
** Hyundai Kia Automotive Group and Kia Motors are listed separately as the former owns only 38.67% of the latter.


[edit] Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

[edit] Top vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume)

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2008 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[10] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque.

Marque Country of origin Ownership Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Daihatsu Japan Subsidiary Global, except North America and Australia
Hino Japan Subsidiary Asia Pacific, North America and South America
Lexus Japan Division Global
Scion United States Division North America
Toyota Japan Division Global
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Buick United States Division North America, Middle East, East Asia
Cadillac United States Division Global, except South America, South Asia, South East Asia, Pacific
Chevrolet United States Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand, South Korea
Daewoo South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
GMC United States Division North America, Middle East
Holden Australia Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
Opel Germany Subsidiary Europe (except UK), Russia, South Africa, Asia
Vauxhall United Kingdom Subsidiary United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG* ( Germany)
Audi Germany Subsidiary Global
Bentley United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Bugatti France Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini Italy Subsidiary Global
Porsche Germany Subsidiary Global
Scania Sweden Subsidiary Global
SEAT Spain Subsidiary Europe, South America, North Africa, Middle East
Škoda Czech Republic Subsidiary Global, except North America and South Africa
Volkswagen Germany Subsidiary Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Germany Subsidiary Global
4. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
Ford United States Division Global
Lincoln United States Division North America, Middle East, South Korea
Mercury United States Division North America, Middle East
Troller Brazil Subsidiary South America and Africa
5. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura Japan Division North America, East Asia, Russia
Honda Japan Division Global
6. Nissan Motor Company ( Japan)
Infiniti Japan Division Global, except South America and Africa
Nissan Japan Division Global
7. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Citroën France Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
Peugeot France Subsidiary Global, except North America, South Asia
8. Hyundai Motor Company ( South Korea)
Hyundai South Korea Division Global
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Maruti Suzuki India Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
Suzuki Japan Division Global
10. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
Abarth Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Alfa Romeo Italy Subsidiary Global
Ferrari Italy Subsidiary Global
Fiat Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Fiat Professional Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Irisbus France Subsidiary Global, except North America
Iveco Italy Subsidiary Global, except North America
Lancia Italy Subsidiary Europe
Maserati Italy Subsidiary Global
11. Renault S.A. ( France)
Dacia Romania Subsidiary Europe, Latin America, Asia, Africa
Renault (cars) France Division Global, except North America, South Asia
Renault Samsung South Korea Subsidiary Asia, South America
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
Freightliner United States Subsidiary North America, South Africa
Master Pakistan Subsidiary Pakistan
Maybach Germany Division Global
Mercedes-Benz Germany Division Global
Mitsubishi Fuso Japan Subsidiary Global
Orion Canada Subsidiary North America
Setra Germany Subsidiary Europe
Smart Germany Division North America, Europe, South East Asia, South Africa
Thomas Built United States Subsidiary North America
Western Star United States Subsidiary North America
13. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
Chrysler United States Division Global
Dodge United States Division Global
GEM United States Division North America
Jeep United States Division Global
Ram United States Division North America
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMW Germany Division Global
MINI United Kingdom Division Global
Rolls-Royce United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
15. Kia Motors Corporation ( South Korea)
Kia South Korea Division Global
16. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Mazda Japan Division Global
17. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
Mitsubishi Japan Division Global
18. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
Lada Russia Division Russia, Europe, North Africa
VAZ Russia Division Russia, Europe
19. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
Hispano Spain Subsidiary Europe
Jaguar United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Land Rover United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
Tata India Division India, South Africa
Tata Daewoo South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
20. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Besturn People's Republic of China Division China
Freewind People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Haima People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Hongqi People's Republic of China Division China
Jiaxing People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Vita People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
Xiali People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
21. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
Subaru Japan Division Global
22. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)
Isuzu Japan Division Global, except North America
23. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chana People's Republic of China Division China, South Africa
24. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng People's Republic of China Division China
25. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAW People's Republic of China Division China
Foton People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
26. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chery People's Republic of China Division China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia
27. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
MG United Kingdom Subsidiary United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina
SsangYong South Korea Subsidiary South Korea
Roewe People's Republic of China Division China
Soyat People's Republic of China Division China
Yuejin People's Republic of China Division China
28. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
Mack United States Subsidiary Global
Nissan Diesel Japan Subsidiary Global
NovaBus Canada Subsidiary North America
Prevost Canada Subsidiary North America
Renault (trucks) France Subsidiary Global
Volvo (trucks) Sweden Division Global
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Brilliance People's Republic of China Division China, North Africa
Jinbei People's Republic of China Subsidiary China
30. Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Hafei People's Republic of China Division China
31. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Geely People's Republic of China Division China, Russia, North Africa
Maple People's Republic of China Division China
Volvo (Cars) Sweden Subsidiary Global
32. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JAC People's Republic of China Division China
33. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYD People's Republic of China Division China, Russia
34. GAZ Group ( Russia)
GAZ Russia Division Russia
KAvZ Russia Subsidiary Russia
LiAZ Russia Subsidiary Russia
Ural Russia Subsidiary Russia
35. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)
Mahindra India Division India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa
36. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
Proton Malaysia Division Asia Pacific, South Africa, United Kingdom
Lotus United Kingdom Subsidiary Global
37. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Great Wall People's Republic of China Division China, South Africa, Russia, North Africa
38. Paccar, Inc ( United States)
DAF Netherlands Subsidiary Global, except North America
Kenworth United States Division North America
Leyland United Kingdom Subsidiary Europe
Peterbilt United States Division North America
39. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Lifan People's Republic of China Division China
40. MAN SE ( Germany)
MAN Germany Division Europe
Neoplan Germany Division Europe and Middle East
Volkswagen (trucks) Brazil Division South America
41. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Changhe People's Republic of China Division China
42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Sinotruk Hong Kong Division China
43. LuAZ ( Ukraine)
LuAZ Ukraine Subsidiary Ukraine
44. Navistar International Corporation ( United States)
IC United States Subsidiary North America
International United States Division North America, South Asia
45. Shaanxi Automobile Group Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Shaanxi People's Republic of China Division China
46. UAZ OJSC ( Russia)
UAZ Russia Subsidiary Russia
47. Ashok Leyland ( India)
Ashok Leyland India Division India
48. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)
Kuozui Motors Ltd Republic of China Subsidiary Taiwan

[edit] Notes

* Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.7 percent share in the Volkswagen Group.[11] However, Volkswagen Group will acquire Porsche AG, the automotive manufacturer under a new "Integrated Automotive Group". This merger/acquisition is expected to be fully completed in mid-2011.[12][13]

[edit] Minor automotive manufacturers

Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups

There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies. They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production by Country: 2007-2008". OICA. http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/. 
  2. ^ "2008 Global Market Data Book", Automotive News, p.5
  3. ^ Plunkett Research, "Automobile Industry Introduction" (2008)
  4. ^ Kenworthy, J R (2004). "Transport Energy Use and Greenhouse Emissions in Urban Passenger Transport Systems" (PDF). Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. http://cst.uwinnipeg.ca/documents/Transport_Greenhouse.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-22. 
  5. ^ World Health Organisation, Europe. "Health effects of transport". http://www.euro.who.int/transport/hia/20021009_2. Retrieved 2008-08-29. 
  6. ^ Social Exclusion Unit, Office of the Prime Minister (UK). "Making the Connections - final report on transport and social exclusion" (PDF). http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carplus.org.uk%2FResources%2Fpdf%2FMaking_the_Connections_Final_Report_on_Transport_and_Social_Exclusion.pdf&ei=SzLBSbDFKYHaMbvwgK0N&usg=AFQjCNFCbKeT7rQ0zt7aOL5K-1OTXBm9EA&sig2=o-ASe9xe84uOEJTQt-DxuQ. Retrieved 2003-02-01. 
  7. ^ IBISWorld Newsletter, June 2008, GLOBAL TRENDS Oil – The Crude Reality of Current trends, IBISWorld
  8. ^ Jeff Rubin (2009-03-02). "Wrong Turn" (PDF). CIBC World Markets. http://research.cibcwm.com/economic_public/download/sfeb09.pdf. 
  9. ^ a b Georgano, G. N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  10. ^ "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers 2008" (PDF). OICA. http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-27. 
  11. ^ "Volkswagen Group - Shareholder Structure". Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft. VolkswagenAG.com. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/investor_relations/share/Shareholder_Structure.html. Retrieved 22 December 2009. 
  12. ^ Porsche Automobil Holding SE, Stuttgart (20 November 2009). "Porsche Supervisory Board agrees on the contracts of implementation". Press release. http://www.porsche-se.com/pho/en/news/?pool=pho&id=2009-11-20. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 
  13. ^ Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (13 August 2009). "Volkswagen Supervisory Board approves Comprehensive Agreement for an Integrated Automotive Group with Porsche". Press release. http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2009/08/Volkswagen_Aufsichtsrat_stimmt_Grundlagenvereinbarung_fuer.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009. 

Pioneer Auto Compaines 1897-1904; N.Y.S.

Amsterdam NY: Tillerwilliger Steamer
Buffalo; Thomas 1902 Runabout
Elmira,  Steam Car 1902
IlLion NY; 1900 Remington Runabout
Fort Plain NY; Spring and Axel. 1897, 1902, 1903  Dr. Runabouts
Utica NY:  1903 Buckmobile

[edit] External links

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