Óscar Carmona
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| Óscar Carmona | |
.jpg) Óscar Carmona by Henrique Medina |
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| In office 9 July 1926 – 18 April 1951 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself José Vicente de Freitas Artur Ivens Ferraz Domingos Oliveira António de Oliveira Salazar |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | António de Oliveira Salazar (interim) Francisco Craveiro Lopes (effective) |
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| In office 9 July 1926 – 18 April 1928 |
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| President | Himself |
| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | José Vicente de Freitas |
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| In office 3 June 1926 – 6 July 1926 |
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| Prime Minister | José Mendes Cabeçadas (3 June 1926–19 June 1926) Manuel Gomes da Costa (19 June 1926–6 July 1926) |
| Preceded by | Armando Humberto da Gama Ochoa |
| Succeeded by | Martinho Nobre de Melo |
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Minister for War
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| In office 15 November 1923 – 18 December 1923 |
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| Prime Minister | António Ginestal Machado |
| Preceded by | António Maria da Silva (interim) Fernando Augusto Freiria (effective) |
| Succeeded by | António Germano Ribeiro de Carvalho |
| In office 9 July 1926 – 16 November 1926 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | Abílio Passos e Sousa |
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| Born | 24 November 1869 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 18 April 1951 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portuguese Republic |
| Political party | Independent National Union from 1932 |
| Spouse(s) | Maria do Carmo Ferreira da Silva |
| Children | Cesaltina Amélia, António Adérito and Maria Inês |
| Occupation | Military officer (Marshal) |
António Óscar Fragoso Carmona, ComC, GCA, ComSE, (often called António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona, Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɔʃkaɾ fɾɐˈɡozu kaɾˈmonɐ]; Lisbon, 24 November 1869-Lisbon, 18 April 1951) was the eleventh President of Portugal (1926-1951), having been Minister of War in 1923 and then General Dictator (officially Prime Minister) of Portugal.
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[edit] Background
In January 1914 he married Maria do Carmo Ferreira da Silva (Chaves, 28 September 1878 - 13 March 1956), daughter of Germano da Silva and wife Engrácia de Jesus. With this marriage he legitimized their three children.
[edit] Presidency
Carmona saw his chance of rising in power after the 28th May revolution of 1926. A series of temporary rulers were elected by the military, with the first, José Mendes Cabeçadas being succeeded by Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, and then Carmona, who had been the Minister for Foreign Affairs between 3 June and 6 July of that year.
In 1927 Carmona appointed António de Oliveira Salazar as Minister of Finances. Impressed by Salazar's abilities, Carmona, who had been the 134th Prime Minister, made Salazar President of the Council in 1932. As a result of this Salazar was now superior to Carmona. In 1933, with a new constitution of the "Estado Novo" in force, Carmona was finally made President of Portugal.
Unlike his predecessor Gomes da Costa, Carmona had not fought in a battle as a military leader: when the Portuguese went to Flanders in World War I, Carmona gave orders to his men and stayed in his office. Although the Constitution nominally made Carmona chief executive, in practice after 1933 he was little more than a puppet of Salazar.
However, apart from his political subservience to Salazar, Carmona played an important role during the popular revolts of 1935-1936 against Salazar. Carmona calmed the revolt by making speeches mentioning peace and security. He followed the same approach in World War II, to encourage the entire country with his attractive speeches, nevertheless having tremendous fights with his superior, Salazar. Salazar was able to fire Craveiro Lopes, Carmona's successor, but felt unable to fire Carmona because of the latter's reputation.
Carmona's period of office as President ended with his death, in 1951. He is buried in the Jerónimos Monastery at Belém, near Lisbon.
[edit] Publications
Carmona wrote a book of rules for the Cavalry School in 1913, and the book "Prefácio" in 1928.
[edit] Trivia
The town of Uíge, Angola was called Carmona after him.[1] It had this name until 1975 when the Portuguese Overseas Province of Angola become independent.
He is the grand-uncle of the former Mayor of Lisbon Carmona Rodrigues (2004–2007).
[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Óscar Carmona |
- ^ Angola-Carmona (Viagem ao Passado)-Kandando Angola, a film of Carmona, Portuguese Angola (before 1975)
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Manuel Gomes da Costa |
Prime Minister of Portugal 1926–1928 |
Succeeded by José Vicente de Freitas |
| Preceded by Gomes da Costa |
President of Portugal 1926–1951 |
Succeeded by António de Oliveira Salazar (interim) Francisco Craveiro Lopes (effective) |
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