Tilt or flame angle is the angle between the unburned terrain whether flat or sloped and the leading surface of the flame. Flame angle is highly influenced by wind. For a wind-driven flame the angle is less than 90o and for a flame backing into the wind it is greater than 90o.
Encyclopedia ID: p469
So. Appalachian
Environmental Threats
Case Study: Evaluating Wildland Fire Danger and Prioritizing Treatments
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Analyzing Risks Using the Human Modification Framework
Case Study: Modeling Species' Climatic Niche Space & Response to Global Warming
Case Study: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Maine Forests to Wind Damage
Case Study: Information Needs, Acceptability of Risk, Trust, and Reliance
Case Study: The Experience of Community Residents in a Fire-Prone Ecosystem
Case Study: Probabilistic Risk Models for Multiple Disturbances: Insects and Wildfires
Case Study: Population Genetic Structure and Plant Response to Climate Change
Discussion
Model Refinements and Uncertainties
Summary
Case Study: Assessment of Habitat Threats to Shrublands in the Great Basin
Woodland and Cheatgrass Models
Application to Management
Case Study: Establishing a Nationwide Baseline of Historical Burn Severity Data
Case Study: Threats to Private Forest Lands in the U.S.A.
Case Study: A Spatial Model for Predicting Effects of Climate Change
Case Study: Assessment of Oak Wilt Threat to Habitat of the Golden-Cheeked Warbler
Case Study: Managing Wildland Fire Risk in Florida
Fire Response Accessibility Index
Uses and Application in Florida
Case Study: Utilizing Remotely Sensed Data & Elementary Analytical Techniques to Examine Storm Damage Modeling
Case Study: An Aquatic Multi-Scale Assessment and Planning Framework Approach
Case Study: A Landscape Scale Remote Sensing/GIS Tool to Assess Eastern Hemlock Vulnerability
Case Study: Modeling Potential Movements of the Emerald Ash Borer
Case Study: Assessing Insect-Induced Tree Mortality
Case Study: Evaluating Impacts of Southern Pine Beetles and Hemlock Woolly Adelgids
Case Study: Using Historical Photography to Monitor and Assess Threats over Time
Case Study: Assessing Annual Risk of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks Using Pheromone Traps
Case Study: Digital Aerial Sketchmapping and Downlink Communications
D-ASM Mapping Software
D-ASM Mapping Hardware
RIPCom Background
Flight Tests
RIPCom 2
Summary
Case Study: Integrating Natural Disturbances and Management Activities
Case Study: Modeling Current Climate Conditions for Forest Pest Risk Assessment
Phytophthora ramorum
Methods
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Producing Local, Regional, and National Insect and Disease Risk Maps
Case Study: Uncertainty Estimation for Map-Based Analyses
Case Study: Assessing Risks to Multiple Resources Affected by Wildfire and Forest Management
Case Study: Moderate Resolution Data and Gradient Nearest Neighbor Imputation
Case Study: Risk Analysis and Guidelines for Harvest Activities to Minimize Oak Wilt Threat
Case Study: Previsual Detection of Two Conifer-Infesting Adelgid Species
Case Study: Estimating the Susceptibility to Phytophthora alni Globally
Case Study: Air Pollution Increases Forest Susceptibility to Wildfires, San Bernardino Mountains
About Us
So. Pine Beetle
So. Fire Science
Fire Effects
Plants
Animals
Fire Effects on Fauna- Overview
Fire Effects on Invertebrates
Fire Effects on Aquatic Fauna
Fire and Fauna: Management and Research Implications
Direct Effects of Fire and Immediate Animal Responses
Fire Effects on Animal Populations
Fire Effects on Communities
Fire Effects on Fauna at Landscape Scales
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods
Fire Effects on Birds
Fire Effects on Mammals
Fire Effects on Reptiles and Amphibians
Fire Severity
Fire & People
Recreation and Fire
Economic Impacts of Fire
Fire in the Wildland Urban Interface
Fire Management Policies
Fire Education Programs
A History of People and Fire in the South
Overview of the Fire History Section
Human Use of Fire in Prehistory (12,500 BP to AD 1540s)
Human Use of Fire in History (1540s to 1900s)
Ethnohistorical Descriptions of Indian Burning Practices
The Period of Fire Suppression and Other Fire Regimes (1890s to 1980s)
Fire Management (1940s to Present)
Research Issues in History of Fire and People
Knowledge and Attitudes about Fire Among Southerners
The Meaning of Knowledge and Attitudes
Tools to Help Managers Understand Public Knowledge and Attitudes
Barriers to Public Support of Fuel Reduction Strategies
Factors Affecting Southerners’ Knowledge and Attitudes
The Link between Attitudes about Fire and Environmental Values
Southerners’ Attitudes About Prescribed Fire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Wildfire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Creating Defensible Space
Tourism and Perceptions of Fire in the South
The Aesthetics of Fire
Prescribed Fire
Uses of Prescribed Fire
Weather and Fuel Considerations
Relative Humidity Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Temperature Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Rainfall and Soil Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Airmass Stability and Atmospheric Dispersion Considerations
Fine-Fuel Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Topographical Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Sources of Weather Information
Firing Techniques
Planning and Conducting Prescribed Burns
Preparing for a Prescribed Burn
Executing a Prescribed Burn
Evaluating a Prescribed Burn
Prescribed Burning Rules of Thumb
Red Flag Situations in Prescribed Burning
State Prescribed Burn Statutes
Prescribed Fire and Public Relations
Smoke Management
Wildfire
Fire Control and Suppression
Wildland Fire Rehabilitation and Restoration
Fire Control History
Current Fire Policy's Impact on Fire Control and Suppression In the South
Current Issues: Fire in the South's Urbanizing Landscape
Wildfire Occurence
Fire Ecology
Canebrakes
Florida Scrub
Loblolly Pine
Freshwater marshes
Melaleuca Swamps
The Everglades
Table Mountain Pine
Northern Hardwoods
Salt and Brackish Marshes
Fire Management of Coastal Marshes: Research Needs
Isolated Herbaceous Wetlands
Xeric Oak-pine
Grassy and Heath Balds
Oak-hickory
Cypress Ponds
Hardwood Hammocks
Fire Regimes
Florida Dry Prairie
Fire Effects
Fire Effects on Fauna
Prescribed Fire
Oak Savannas
Fire Regime and Other Disturbances in Oak Savannas
Fire Effects on Vegetation and Animals
Decline of Oak Savannas
Restoration and Maintenance of Oak Savannas
So. Bioenergy
