Social Science
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So. Appalachian
The Landscape
The Physical Landscape
The Biological Landscape
The Cultural Landscape
Resource Management
Timber
Terrestrial Wildlife
Aquatic Resource Management
Recreation
Nontimber Forest Products
Intrinsic Ecosystem Values
Management Tools
Ecology
Disturbance and Succession
Biogeochemical Cycling
Aquatic Ecology
Species Ecology
Forest Health
Forest Insects
Southern Pine Beetle
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Balsam Woolly Adelgid
Gypsy Moth
Red Oak Borer
Nonnative Invasive Species
Nonnative Invasive Plants
Nonnative Invasive Insects and Pathogens
Invasive Species Control
Air Quality
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Volatile Organic Compounds
Toxic Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter
Ozone
Visibility
Acid Deposition
Air Quality Research Needs
Social Science
Test Page
Play Page2
Environmental Threats
Land
Wildland Loss
Recent Trends
Forest Area Changes in Total
Deforestation
Forest Fragmentation
Forest Parcelization
Buildings and People on Forestland
Trees in Urban and Developed Areas
Summary
Determinants
Population
Personal Income
Incomes from Rural Land Uses
Projections
Developed Uses
Forestland
Risk and Policy Considerations
Government Policies
Risk, Hazard, and Land Use Change
Expected Benefits and Costs
Soil Quality
Soil Quality and Healthy Forests
Soil Quality and Function
Wildfire impacts
Management Impacts
Acidic deposition and forest health
Monitoring
Summary and management implications
Anthropogenic Calcium Depletion and Forest Health
Anthropogenic Cation Depletion
Ca Depletion as a Biologically Unique Threat
Experimental Evidence of Tree Health Impacts
Field Evidence of Influences on Tree Health
Limitations of Current Indicators of Ca Depletion
Critical Loads as an Alternative Approach
Application to New England
Development and Relevance of Future Models
Air & Water
Severe Weather
Vulnerability of Forests to Severe Weather
Economic Impacts of Hurricanes on Forest Owners
Fire
Ignition
Severity & Spread
Post-Fire
Pests/Biota
Native
Landscape-Scale Risk of Bark Beetle Infestation
Dense Understory Layers in Forests Worldwide
Exotic
Modeling Invasive Plant, Insect, and Pathogen Species
Decision-Making in Invasive Species Management
Dispersal
Representing Human-Mediated Pathways in Forest Pest Risk Mapping
Introduction
Foreign Cargo Statistical Data
Domestic Commodity Movement Data
Business Data
Land Use/Landcover Data Sets
Application Examples
Final Considerations
Case Studies
Case Study: Spread of Invasive Plants from Roads to River Systems in Alaska
Introduction
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Evaluating Wildland Fire Danger and Prioritizing Treatments
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Analyzing Risks Using the Human Modification Framework
Overview of Conceptual Frameworks
Objectives
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Case Study: Modeling Species' Climatic Niche Space & Response to Global Warming
Introduction
Methods
Statistical & Mapping Procedures
Results
Subalpine Larch
Smooth Arizona Cypress and Piute Cypress
Macfarlane's Four-O'clock
Discussion
Case Study: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Maine Forests to Wind Damage
Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Case Study: Information Needs, Acceptability of Risk, Trust, and Reliance
Introduction
The Present Study
Case Study: The Experience of Community Residents in a Fire-Prone Ecosystem
Introduction
The Present Study
Case Study: Probabilistic Risk Models for Multiple Disturbances: Insects and Wildfires
Introduction
Methods
Probability Framework
Results and Discussion
Bark Beetle Infestation
Fire Size
Conclusions
Case Study: Population Genetic Structure and Plant Response to Climate Change
Introduction
Material and Methods
Results
Whitebark Pine
Western White Pine
Discussion
Whitebark Pine
Western White Pine
Model Refinements and Uncertainties
Summary
Case Study: Assessment of Habitat Threats to Shrublands in the Great Basin
Shrublands at Risk
Status and Threats in the Sagebrush Ecosystem
The Great Basin
Regional Assessment of Habitats
Species of Concern
Species-habitat Relationships
Identifying Regional Threats
Quantifying Vegetation and Habitat
Woodland and Cheatgrass Models
Model Development
Modeling Results
Application to Management
Characterizing Habitat Conditions
Prioritizing Restoration Activities
Integration of Multiple Stressors
Management Implications
Case Study: Establishing a Nationwide Baseline of Historical Burn Severity Data
Introduction
Project Background
Burn Severity Definition
Project Scope
Products
Methods
Fire History Database Compilation
Image Scene Selection and Data Preprocessing
Fire Severity and Perimeter Mapping
Data Summarization
Data Distribution
Applications for Fire Severity Data
Conclusions
Case Study: Threats to Private Forest Lands in the U.S.A.
Introduction
Data Layers
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Case Study: A Spatial Model for Predicting Effects of Climate Change
History of the Problem
Current Impacts of Swiss Needle Cast in PNW Forests
Understanding the Disease
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessment of Oak Wilt Threat to Habitat of the Golden-Cheeked Warbler
Introduction
Methods and Materials
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Managing Wildland Fire Risk in Florida
Introduction
Wildland Fire Risk
Fire Effects
Level of Concern Index
Fire Response Accessibility Index
Uses and Application in Florida
Case Study: Utilizing Remotely Sensed Data & Elementary Analytical Techniques to Examine Storm Damage Modeling
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: An Aquatic Multi-Scale Assessment and Planning Framework Approach
Introduction
The Six-Step Framework Template
Step 1 - Current Condition
Step 2 - Desired Future Condition
Step 3 - Risks and Threats
Step 4 - Analysis and Interpretation of the Risks and Threats
Step 5 - Conservation and Restoration Strategies
Step 6 - Inventory, Monitoring, and Research Strategies
Conclusions
Case Study: A Landscape Scale Remote Sensing/GIS Tool to Assess Eastern Hemlock Vulnerability
Introduction
Objectives
Methods
Field and Laboratory Methods
Predictive Model Calibration
GIS Data Layers Used for Mapping Risk in the Catskills
Risk Coverage for the Catskills
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Case Study: Modeling Potential Movements of the Emerald Ash Borer
Introduction
Methods
Distribution of Ash
Mapping Estimated EAB Spread
Modeling Spread in Ohio
Results and Discussion
Distribution of Ash
Mapping Estimated EAB Spread
Modeling Spread in Ohio
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessing Insect-Induced Tree Mortality
Introduction
Assessing Piñon Pine Mortality
Conclusions
Case Study: Evaluating Impacts of Southern Pine Beetles and Hemlock Woolly Adelgids
Introduction
Background
Southern Pine Beetle Case
Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Case
Methods
Results and Discussion
SPB
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Discussion
Directions for Future Research
Case Study: Using Historical Photography to Monitor and Assess Threats over Time
Introduction
Why Photography?
Why Not Photography?
Tools for Getting Historical Photos in GIS
Analysis Options
Examples
Resources
Case Study: Assessing Annual Risk of Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks Using Pheromone Traps
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusions
Case Study: Digital Aerial Sketchmapping and Downlink Communications
Introduction - Aerial Sketchmapping
D-ASM Mapping Software
D-ASM Mapping Hardware
RIPCom Background
Flight Tests
RIPCom 2
Summary
Case Study: Integrating Natural Disturbances and Management Activities
Introduction
Study Area
Methods
Forest Growth and Management Treatments
Wildfire
Management Scenarios
Results and Discussion
Variability
Conclusions
Case Study: Modeling Current Climate Conditions for Forest Pest Risk Assessment
Importance and Availability of Climate Information
Phytophthora ramorum
Methods
Gradient Plus Inverse Distance Squared Interpolation
Evaluation
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Producing Local, Regional, and National Insect and Disease Risk Maps
The Assessment Framework
Discussion/ Conclusions
Case Study: Uncertainty Estimation for Map-Based Analyses
Introduction
Methods
Data
Areal Estimation
Forest/Nonforest Layer
Ash Tree Distribution Layer
Uncertainty Estimation
Results
Conclusions
Case Study: Assessing Risks to Multiple Resources Affected by Wildfire and Forest Management
Introduction
Study Area
The CRAFT Process
Summary
Case Study: Moderate Resolution Data and Gradient Nearest Neighbor Imputation
Introduction
Existing Methods for Regional-National Vegetation Mapping and Risk Assessment
Study Objectives
Methods
The Study Area
Moderate Resolution Predictor Data
The Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN) Method of Predictive Vegetation Mapping
Model Evaluation and Accuracy Assessment
Results
Discussion- Accuracy of GNN Vegetation Maps
Case Study: Risk Analysis and Guidelines for Harvest Activities to Minimize Oak Wilt Threat
Introduction
Risk Assessment
Risk Analysis Results
Discussion
Case Study: Previsual Detection of Two Conifer-Infesting Adelgid Species
Invasive Adelgids in North American Conifers
Conifer Resistance to Insect Attack
Spectral Data
Implications for Detection and Delineation of Forest Insect Infestations
Case Study: Estimating the Susceptibility to Phytophthora alni Globally
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Case Study: Air Pollution Increases Forest Susceptibility to Wildfires, San Bernardino Mountains
Introduction
Effects of Periodic Drought
Susceptibility to Successful Bark Beetle Attack
Conclusions
About Us
Conference 2006
Contribute
So. Pine Beetle
So. Fire Science
Fire Behavior
Overview
Fuels
Fuel Categories
Ground Fuels
Surface Fuels
Ladder Fuels
Canopy Fuels
Physical Fuel Properties
Examples of Southern Fuels with High Surface Area-to-volume Ratios
Methods for Estimating Fuel Loading
Chemical Fuel Properties
Heat Content
Volatile Compounds
Fuel Moisture
Live Fuels
Dead Fuels
Determining Fuel Moisture
Fuel Availability and Consumption
Fuel Consumption Models
Flammability of Southern Plant Species
Definition of Flammability
Particle Flammability
Branch- and Plant-level Flammability
External Factors Affecting Plant Flammability
Comparing Flammability of Southern Plants
Fire Weather
Temperature
Temperature, Heat, and the Atmosphere
Horizontal Variations in Surface Air Temperatures
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in Air Temperature
Lapse Rate and Inversions
Sources of Weather Information for Prescribed Burns
Atmospheric Moisture
Sources of Atmospheric Moisture
Evaporation and Vapor Pressure
Dew Point
Absolute Humidity
Relative Humidity
Measuring Humidity
Atmospheric Stability
Determining Atmospheric Stability
Lifting Processes
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Stability
Local Indicators of Stability
Subsidence
General Winds
Laminar Flow
Mechanical and Thermal Turbulence
Frontal Winds
Effects of Mountain Topography on Surface Winds
Winds Aloft
Measuring General Winds
Convective Winds
Land and Sea Breezes
Slope and Valley Winds
Whirlwinds
Thunderstorm Winds
Air Masses and Fronts
Formation and Modification of Air Masses
Air-Mass Weather
Fronts
Clouds and Precipitation
Saturation Processes
Condensation, Sublimation, and Precipitation Processes
Kinds of Precipitation
Kinds of Clouds
Thunderstorms
Conditions Necessary for Thunderstorm Development
Life Cycle of a Thunderstorm Cell
Types of Thunderstorms
Lightning
Tornadoes
Fire Climate Regions Index
Topographical Features of North America
Maritime Influences in North America
Pressure and General Circulation Patterns in North America
Temperature Variations in North America
Precipitation Patterns in North America
Fire Climate Regions
Fire Behavior
Combustion and Heat Transfer
The Fire Triangle and Combustion
Ignition Sources
Phases of Combustion
Pre-ignition
Flaming Combustion
Flame Chemistry
Smoldering Combustion
Glowing Combustion
Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Fire Intensity
Fireline Intensity
Weather Effects on Fire Intensity and Rates of Spread
Effects of Topography on Fire Intensity and Rate of Spread
Effects of Fuels on Fire Intensity and Rate of Spread
Fire Spread
Ground Fires
Surface Fires
Crown Fires
Spotting
Fire Growth
Fire Shape
Rate of Spread
Extreme Fire Behavior
Fire Whirls
Vortex Phenomena
Fires and Plumes
Modeling Smoke Transport and Dispersion
Background of Plume Model Development
Haines Index
Flame Characteristics
Flame Height
Flame Length
Flame Depth
Flame Angle or Tilt
Bark Char Height
Fire Behavior Prediction Systems
Limitations of Fire Behavior Models
BEHAVE Plus Fire Modeling System
FARSITE
Fuel Models
Grass Fuel Models
Shrub Fuel Models
Timber Fuel Models
Logging Slash Fuel Models
FBPS Fuel Models
NFDRS Fuel Models
Fuelbed Characteristic Classification System
Fire Danger Rating Systems
History of the National Fire Danger Rating System
Fire Effects
Air Quality
Air Quality Regulations and Fire
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
Visibility, Regional Haze, and the Clean Air Act
EPA Interim Air Quality Policy on Wildland and Prescribed Fires
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Magnitude of Fire Contributions to Air Quality Impact
Smoke from Wildland Fires
Smoke from Prescribed Fires
Characterization of Emissions from Fires
Components of Smoke
Predicting Fire Emissions: Area Burned
Predicting Fire Emissions: Preburn Fuel Characteristics
Predicting Fire Emissions: Fire Behavior
Predicting Fire Emissions: Combustion Stages
Predicting Fire Emissions: Fuel Consumption
Predicting Fire Emissions: Emission Factors
Total Emissions, Source Strength, and Heat Release Rate
Transport, Dispersion, and Modeling of Fire Emissions
The Role of Heat Release in the Trajectory and Dispersion of Fire Emissions
Model Application
The Role of Plume Rise and Buoyancy in the Trajectory and Dispersion of Fire Emissions
The Role of Advection and Diffusion in the Trajectory and Dispersion of Fire Emissions
The Role of Scavenging in the Trajectory and Dispersion of Fire Emissions
The Role of Chemical Transformations in the Trajectory and Dispersion of Fire Emissions
Plume Models
Puff Models
Particle Models
Grid Models
Atmospheric and Plume Chemistry
Ozone Formation in Plumes
Factors Affecting Plume Chemistry
Emission Factors for Reactive Species
Particle Formation in Plumes
Estimating the Air Quality Impacts of Fire
Emission Inventories
Air Quality Monitoring
Source Apportionment
Smoke Impacts
Health Effects of Smoke
Welfare Effects of Smoke
Economic and Social Consequences of Smoke
Smoke and Highway Safety
Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Fires
Research and Development
Established Research Framework
Emerging Research Needs
Water Quality
Fire Effects on Stream Nutrients
Fire Effects on Stream Sediments
Fire Effects on Watershed Hydrology
Thermal Effects of Fire on Streams
Fire and Riparian Zones
Fire and Wetlands
Soil
Overview
Soil Heating
Soil Physical Properties
Soil Organic Matter
Amounts of SOM and Nitrogen
Biological and Chemical Properties of SOM
Charcoal
Soil Nutrients
Soil Biota
Introduction to Soil Biota
Post-burn Soil Temperature and Moisture
Soil Erosion
Management Guidelines
Risk Prediction Tools
Table: Soil Susceptibility to Damage
Plants
Fire Autecology of Plants
Animals
Fire Effects on Fauna- Overview
Fire Effects on Invertebrates
Fire Effects on Aquatic Fauna
Fire and Fauna: Management and Research Implications
Direct Effects of Fire and Immediate Animal Responses
Fire Effects on Animal Populations
Fire Effects on Communities
Fire Effects on Fauna at Landscape Scales
Fire Effects on Wildlife Foods
Fire Effects on Birds
Fire Effects on Mammals
Fire Effects on Reptiles and Amphibians
Fire Severity
Residence Time
Depth of Burn
Crown Scorch
Composite Burn Index
Fire & People
Human Health Impacts of Fire
Hazard Identification
Fire, Human Health, and Air Quality
Exposure Assessment
Dose-Response Assessment
Risk Management
Limitations of Research on Health Effects of Fire
Recreation and Fire
Economic Impacts of Fire
Incentives for wildfire risk management
A Robinson Crusoe Economy
Economic Externalities and Weak Incentives
The Effect of Insurance
Public Wildfire Suppression
Policy Options
Fire in the Wildland Urban Interface
Special Issues in Wildland Urban Interface Fires
Mitigating Fire Hazard in the Wildland Urban Interface
Fire Management Policies
Fire Education Programs
Federal Fire Agency Programs
State Fire Education Programs
Interagency Fire Education Programs
Non-Governmental Fire Education Programs
Effects of Fire Education Programs
Obstacles to Implementing Fire Education
PowerPoint Presentations from the Wildland/Urban Interface Prevention Exchange workshop that was held in Birmingham, Alabama in May 2003
A History of People and Fire in the South
Overview of the Fire History Section
Human Use of Fire in Prehistory (12,500 BP to AD 1540s)
Human Use of Fire in History (1540s to 1900s)
Ethnohistorical Descriptions of Indian Burning Practices
The Period of Fire Suppression and Other Fire Regimes (1890s to 1980s)
Fire Management (1940s to Present)
Research Issues in History of Fire and People
Knowledge and Attitudes about Fire Among Southerners
The Meaning of Knowledge and Attitudes
Tools to Help Managers Understand Public Knowledge and Attitudes
Barriers to Public Support of Fuel Reduction Strategies
Factors Affecting Southerners’ Knowledge and Attitudes
The Link between Attitudes about Fire and Environmental Values
Southerners’ Attitudes About Prescribed Fire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Wildfire
Southerners’ Attitudes about Creating Defensible Space
Tourism and Perceptions of Fire in the South
The Aesthetics of Fire
The Meaning of Aesthetics
National Legislation Related to the Aesthetics of American Landscapes
Planning Tools for Managing Landscape Aesthetics
Using Fire to Manage Aesthetics
Fire, Aesthetics, and Recreation
Prescribed Fire
Uses of Prescribed Fire
Silvicultural Objectives
Hazardous Fuel Reduction
Ecological Maintenance
Manage Fire-dependent Species
Control Insects And Disease
Improve Wildlife Habitat
Range Management
Enhance Appearance
Improve Access
Weather and Fuel Considerations
Wind Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Relative Humidity Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Temperature Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Rainfall and Soil Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Airmass Stability and Atmospheric Dispersion Considerations
Fine-Fuel Moisture Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Topographical Considerations in Prescribed Burning
Sources of Weather Information
Firing Techniques
Backing Fires
Strip-Heading Fire
Flanking Fire
Point Source Fires
Aerial Ignition
Center and Circular (Ring) Firing
Pile and Windrow Burning
Planning and Conducting Prescribed Burns
Planning a Prescribed Burn
Preparing for a Prescribed Burn
Executing a Prescribed Burn
Evaluating a Prescribed Burn
Prescribed Burning Rules of Thumb
Red Flag Situations in Prescribed Burning
State Prescribed Burn Statutes
Alabama
Puerto Rico
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisana
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
Prescribed Fire and Public Relations
Smoke Management
The Need
Problem and Nuisance Smoke
Smoke as a Southern Problem
Problem Smoke: What is being done to Minimize the Problem?
Smoke Management Meteorology
Air Pressure and Smoke
Lapse Rates and Smoke
Atmospheric Stability and Smoke
Mixing Height and Smoke
Temperature Inversions and Smoke
Wind and Smoke
Atmospheric Moisture and Smoke
Weather Forecasts and Smoke Management
Climate and Smoke
Reducing and Redistributing Emissions
Techniques to Reduce the Amount of Smoke Emissions
Techniques to Redistribute Smoke Emissions
The Use and Effectiveness of Emission Reduction and Redistribution Techniques
Smoke Management Programs
Administration and Evaluation
Wildfire
Fire in Today's South
Wildfire Mitigation
Risk Assessment
Risk Reduction
Fire Prevention
Fire Control and Suppression
Wildland Firefighting Equipment
A Firefighter's Equipment
Hand Tools
Navigation Equipment
Chopping Tool Safety Guidelines
Grubbing Tool Safety Guidelines
Mop-Up and Patrol at the End of Fire Control Operations
Communications during Fire Control and Suppression
Making Plans for Fire Suppression Activities
Organizing Fire Control Operations
The Incident Command System
Recruiting a Fire Crew
Acquiring Mechanical Resources
Firefighter Safety
10 Standard Fire Orders for Wildland Firefighters
18 Watch Out Situations for Wildland Firefighters
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Initial Attack Operations on a Wildfire
Extended Attack, Project Fires, and Mega-Fires
Ground Control on Wildfires
Heavy Equipment Used in Fire Suppression
Aerial Fire Control
Chemical Fire Control
Fire Control Tactics and Strategies
Wildland Fire Rehabilitation and Restoration
Postfire Rehabilitation
Fire Control History
The Buildup of the Fire Control Infrastructure
New Requirements for Fire Control in the Wildland Urban Interface in the 1990s
Current Fire Policy's Impact on Fire Control and Suppression In the South
Current Issues: Fire in the South's Urbanizing Landscape
Wildfire Occurence
Fire Ecology
Longleaf Pine
Community Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Vegetation
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Fire and Montane Longleaf Pine
Shortleaf Pine
Community Description
Stand Establishment
Historic Fire Regimes
Historic Fire Season
Effects of Fire Suppression
Fire Effects on Shortleaf Pine
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Pocosins
Distribution and Composition of Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Fire Regimes of Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Fire Effects in Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Prescribed Fire in Pocosins and Large Shrub Bogs
Pond Pine
Distribution and Ecological Associates of Pond Pine
Fire Effects and Fire Ecology
Pond Pine: Intense Fire Adaptations
Prescribed Fire in Pond Pine Cover Types
Shrub bogs
Distribution and Composition of Shrub Bogs
Fire Regimes of Shrub Bogs
Fire Effects in Shrub Bogs
Prescribed Fire in Shrub Bogs
Canebrakes
Distribution and Composition of Canebrakes
Ecological Importance of Giant Cane
Fire Effects on Canebrakes
Prescribed Fire and Canebrakes
Florida Scrub
Distribution and Composition of Florida Scrub
Fire Regime of Florida Scrub
Life History Strategies of Florida Scrub Plants
Fire Effects in Florida Scrub
Prescribed Fire in Florida Scrub
Research Gaps in Florida Scrub Fire Ecology and Management
Loblolly Pine
Distribution, Environment, and Associated Species
Historical Vegetation, Land Use, and Fire Regimes of Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Ecology of Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Effects on Forest Health in Loblolly Pine Forests
Fire Effects on Water and Soils In Loblolly Pine Forests
Prescribed Fire in Loblolly Pine Forests
Freshwater marshes
Using Prescribed Fire in Freshwater Marshes
Freshwater Marshes: Community Description
Fire Regime of Freshwater Marshes
Fire Effects in Freshwater Marshes
Melaleuca Swamps
Prescribed Fire and Melaleuca
Fire and Melaleuca Biology
Fire Regime Changes and Melaleuca
Melaleuca: Distribution and Ecological Associates
The Everglades
Prescribed Fire in the Everglades
Everglades: Location, Extent and Environmental Factors
Everglades: Flora and Fauna
Everglades Fire Regime
Fire Effects in the Everglades
Table Mountain Pine
Community Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Effect of Fire Suppression
Fire Effects on Vegetation
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Northern Hardwoods
Ecosystem Description
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects
Effects of Fire Suppression
Salt and Brackish Marshes
Distribution and Composition of Coastal Marshes
Fire Regime of Coastal Marsh
Fire Ecology of Coastal Marsh
Fire and Coastal Marsh Birds
Fire Effects on Coastal Marsh Vegetation
Prescribed Burning of Coastal Marsh
Fire Management of Coastal Marshes: Research Needs
Isolated Herbaceous Wetlands
Xeric Oak-pine
Fire Regimes of Xeric-oak Pine Forests
Fire Ecology of Pitch and Virginia Pine
Oaks and Fire
Using Prescribed Fire in Oak-pine Forests
Grassy and Heath Balds
Historic Fire Regimes
Fire Effects on Flora and Fauna
Managing with Prescribed Fire
Oak-hickory
Oak-Hickory Forests: Extent and Description
Fire Regimes of Oak Hickory Forests
Fire Effects and the Effects of Fire Suppression in Oak-Hickory Forests
Prescribed Fire Use in Oak-hickory Forests
Cypress Ponds
Distribution and Composition of Cypress Ponds
Rare Plants in Fire Maintained Forested Wetland Ecotones
Fire Regime of Pond Cypress Wetlands
Fire Ecology of Pond Cypress Wetlands
Prescribed Fire and Pond Cypress Wetlands
Fire Lines and Forested Wetlands
Organic Soils: Management Concerns for Prescribed Burners
Hardwood Hammocks
Hardwood Hammocks: Ecosystem Description
Fire Regimes
Comparison of Fire Regime Classification Systems
Florida Dry Prairie
Ecosystem Description
Fire Regime
Fire Effects
Fire Effects on Fauna
Prescribed Fire
Oak Savannas
Distribution and Composition of Oak Savannas
Fire Regime and Other Disturbances in Oak Savannas
Fire Effects on Vegetation and Animals
Decline of Oak Savannas
Restoration and Maintenance of Oak Savannas
So. Bioenergy
Understanding Bioenergy
Global Utilization of Forest Biomass
Availability of Biomass Across the Globe
Utilization of Forest Biomass
OECD Countries
European Union
Future Scenarios
Current Status of Biomass in the US
Environmental Benefits
Economic Benefits
Energy Benefits
Promoting Bioenergy
Market Formation
Biofuels
Challenges in Bioenergy
Southern Resources
The Southern U. S.
The Southern Forest
Management
Favorable Stand Attributes
Forest Management and Silviculture
Harvesting
Defining Biomass Feedstock Forms
Review of Harvesting Systems
Pre-Processing and Drying
Transportation and Delivery
Storage
Cost Factors Affecting Harvesting Biomass
SRWC Harvesting Systems
Utilization
Woody Biomass
Bioenergy
Biomass Industrial Products
Production Methods
Worldwide Utilization
Energy Units
Economics
Supply of Forest Biomass
Cost Competitiveness
Community Impacts
Policy Factors and Incentives
Landowner Economics
Sustainability
Framework for Achieving Sustainable Forest Management
Soil Values
Hydrologic Values
Biodiversity Values
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