MiniDV.
Don't let their small size deceive you. Although some models can be
slipped into a large pocket, MiniDV camcorders can record very
high-quality images. They use a unique tape cassette, and the typical
recording time is 60 minutes at standard play (SP) speed. Expect to
pay about $6.50 for a 60-minute tape. You must use the camcorder for
playback it converts its recording to an analog signal that can be
played directly into a TV or VCR. If the TV or VCR has an S-video
input jack, use it to get a high-quality picture. Price: $350 to more
than $1,000.
Disc-based.
Capitalizing on the popularity and capabilities of DVD movie discs,
these formats offer benefits that tape can't provide: long-term
durability, compactness, and random access to scenes as with a DVD.
The 3 1/4-inch discs record standard MPEG-2 video, the same format
used in commercial DVD videos. The amount of recording time varies
according to the quality level you select, from 20 minutes per side
at the highest-quality setting for DVD-RAM to about 60 minutes per
side at the lowest setting. DVD-RAM discs are not compatible with
most DVD players, but the discs can be reused. DVD-R is supposed to
be compatible with most DVD players and computer DVD drives, but the
discs are not rewriteable. DVD-RW and DVD+RW are reusable,
rewriteable disc formats. Disc prices range from about $4 to $20.
Price: $600 to $1,000.
Most
analog camcorders now use the Hi8 format; VHS-C and Super VHS-C are
fading from the market. Blank tapes range from $3.50 to $6.50. Analog
camcorders usually weigh around 2 pounds. Picture quality is
generally good, though a notch below digital. Price: $200 to $300.
FEATURES
THAT COUNT
A
flip-out liquid-crystal-display (LCD) monitor is common on all
but the lowest-priced camcorders. And a wide-screen LCD monitor
is becoming more common. You'll find it useful for reviewing
footage you've shot and easier to use than the eyepiece viewfinder
for certain shooting poses. Some LCD monitors are hard to use in
sunlight, a drawback on models that have only a monitor and no
eyepiece.
Screens
vary from 2 1/2 to 4 inches measured diagonally, with a larger
screen offered as a step-up feature on higher-priced models. Since an
LCD monitor uses batteries faster than an eyepiece viewfinder does,
you don't have as much recording time when the LCD is in use.
An
image stabilizer automatically reduces most of the shaking
that occurs from holding the camcorder as you record a scene. Most
stabilizers are electronic; a few are optical. Either type can be
effective, though mounting the camcorder on a tripod is the surest
way to get steady images. If you're not using a tripod, try holding
the camcorder with both hands and bracing both elbows against your
chest.
Full
auto switch essentially lets you point and shoot. The camcorder
automatically adjusts the color balance, shutter speed, focus, and
aperture (also called the "iris" or "f-stop" with camcorders).
Autofocus
adjusts for maximum sharpness; manual focus override may be needed
for problem situations, such as low light. (With some camcorders, you
might have to tap buttons repeatedly to get the focus just right.)
With many models, you can also control exposure, shutter speed, and
white balance.
The
zoom is typically a finger control-press one way to zoom in,
the other to widen the view. The rate at which the zoom changes
depends on how hard you press the switch. Typical optical zoom ratios
range from 10:1 to 26:1. The zoom relies on optical lenses, just like
a film camera (hence the term 'optical zoom). Many camcorders
offer a digital zoom to extend the range to 400:1 or more, but at a
lower picture quality.
For
tape-based formats, analog or digital, every camcorder displays tape
speeds the same way a VCR does. Every model, for example,
includes an SP (standard play) speed. Digitals have a slower LP (long
play) speed that adds 50 percent to the recording time. A few 8mm and
Hi8 models have an LP speed that doubles the recording time. All
VHS-C and S-VHS-C camcorders have an even slower EP (extended play)
speed that triples the recording time. With analog camcorders, slower
speeds worsen picture quality. Slow speed usually doesn't reduce
picture quality on digital camcorders. But using slow speed means
sacrificing some seldom-used editing options and might restrict
playback on other camcorders.
Disc-based
formats have a variety of modes that trade off recording time for
image quality.
Quick
review lets you view the last few seconds of a scene without
having to press a lot of buttons.
For
special lighting situations, preset auto-exposure settings can
be helpful. A 'Äúsnow and sand'Äù setting, for example, adjusts
shutter speed or aperture to accommodate high reflectivity.
A
light provides some illumination for close shots when the
image would otherwise be too dark. Backlight compensation
increases the exposure slightly when your subject is lighted from
behind and silhouetted. An infrared-sensitive recording mode
(also known as night vision, zero lux, or MagicVu) allows shooting in
very dim or dark situations, using infrared emitters. You can use it
for nighttime shots, although colors won't register accurately in
this mode.
Audio/video
inputs let you record material from another camcorder or from a
VCR, useful for copying part of another video onto your own. (A
digital camcorder must have such an input jack if you want to record
analog material digitally.) Unlike a built-in microphone, an external
microphone that is plugged into a microphone jack won't pick up
noises from the camcorder itself, and it typically improves audio
performance.
A
camcorder with digital still capability lets you take
snapshots, which can be downloaded to your computer. The photo
quality is generally inferior to that of a good still camera,
although higher-cost camcorders typically offer better photo quality
than lower-cost ones.
Features
that might help editing include a built-in title generator, a
time-and-date stamp, and a time code, which is a frame
reference of exactly where you are on the recording media by the hour,
minute, second, and frame. A remote control helps when you're
using the camcorder as a playback device or when you're using a
tripod. Programmed recording (a self-timer) starts the
camcorder recording at a preset time.
HOW
TO CHOOSE
Pick
your price range and format. The least-expensive camcorders on
the market are analog. All
the rest are digital.
Once
you've decided which part of the price spectrum to explore, you
need to pick a specific recording format. That determines not only
how much you'll be spending for tapes, discs, or memory, but also
how much recording time you'll get. The tape-based digital formats
are typically superior in picture quality to analog tape-based
formats.
With
analog, you can get 120 to 300 minutes of recording on a Hi8
cassette. With the SVHS-C or VHS-C formats, you can get only 30 to
120 minutes.
With
digital formats that use MiniDV, Digital 8, or MicroMV tapes, you can
get at least 60 minutes of recording on a standard cassette. MiniDV
and D8 cassettes are the least expensive and easiest to find.
Digital
DVD camcorders from Panasonic and Hitachi can accommodate DVD-RAM
discs, which can be reused but aren't compatible with all DVD
players. All brands also use DVD-R, one-use discs that work in most
DVD players. The standard setting yields 60 minutes of recording; the
'Äúfine'Äù setting, 20 to 30 minutes.
With
digital formats using memory cards, the amount of video you can
record at the highest quality level can vary from 15 minutes to 1
hour on 256-MB to 2-GB cards. (To get a more precise estimate, check
a camera's specifications.) Hard-drive based camcorders are limited
only by the capacity of the hard drive and the quality settings. On
typical models, you can store several hours of video at the
highest-quality setting or more than 10 hours at lower-quality
settings.
If
you're replacing an older camcorder, think about what you'll do
with the tapes you've accumulated. If you don't stay with the
same format you've been using, you will probably want to transfer
the old tapes to an easily viewed medium, such as a DVD.
If
you're buying your first camcorder, concentrate on finding the best
one for your budget, regardless of format.
Check
the size, weight, and controls. In the store, try different
camcorders to make sure they
fit your hand and are comfortable to use. Some models can feel
disconcertingly tiny. You'll need to use a tripod if you want
rock-steady video, no matter which camcorder you choose. Most
camcorders are designed so that the most frequently used controls-the
switch to zoom in and out, the record button, and the button for
still photos-are readily at hand. Make sure that the controls are
convenient and that you can change the tape, DVD, or memory card and
remove the battery easily.
Check
the flip-out LCD viewer. Most measure 2.5 inches on the diagonal,
but some are larger, adding about $100 to the price. If the viewer
seems small and difficult to use or suffers from too much glare,
consider trading up to a similar model or a different brand to get a
better screen.
Think
about the lighting. A camcorder isn't always used outdoors or
in a brightly lighted room. You can shoot video in dim light, but
don't expect miracles. In our tests, using the default mode, most
camcorders produced only fair or poor images in very low light. Many
camcorders have settings that can improve performance but can be a
challenge to use.
Copyright © 2003-2007
Consumers Union of U.S., Inc.
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