Relations
between Naddnipryanshchyna and the Crimea
have a long history. In X-XI century the Eastern
Crimea (Tmoutarakane
princedom) maintained political and commercial relations with KyivskaRus’.
In
XIII century Baty Horde invaded the Crimea
and became an ulus of the Golden Horde. After
its collapse the Crimean khanate was formed (1443-1783) which in 1475?1774 got in vassal dependence fromTurkey.
In
XVI-XVII it was heroic of Zaporoz’ki Cossacks
to struggled against Turkish-Tatar invaders. At the
time of Turkish-Tatar aggression about 2 million of Ukrainian recruits
had been taken out to the Crimea
and assimilated with the local population. In 1783 the Crimea
was included in structure of Russia, in 1797
it was a part of Novorossiysk
province, since 1802 - of Tavriyska.
The Autonomous
Republic of Crimea is divided into 14 administrative regions: Bakhchyssaray, Bilogorsky, Dzhankoysky, Kirovsky, Krasnogvardiysky, Krasnoperekopsky,
Leninsky, Nyzhnyogorsky,
Pervomaysky, Razdolnensky,
Saky, Simferopol, Sovetsky, Chernomorsky.
Authority
The VerkhovnaRada of the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea is the representative body of the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The VerkhovnaRada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopts
decisions and resolutions that are mandatory for execution in the
Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The Council of Ministers of the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea is the government of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.The Head of the Council of Ministers of
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is appointed to office and dismissed
from office by the VerkhovnaRada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea with the
consent of the President of Ukraine. The authority, the procedure for the
formation and operation of the VerkhovnaRada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and of the
Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, are determined
by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, and by normative
legal acts of the VerkhovnaRada
of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on issues ascribed to its
competence. In the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, justice is administered
by courts that belong to the unified system of courts of Ukraine.
Borders
The Black
Sea and the Azov Sea that belong to the
Atlantic Ocean basin wash the territory of the Crimean peninsula. Crimea is
situated on the latitude of the Earth distanced equally from the equator
and the Northern pole. Crimean area is 27 sqare
km. It resembles the rhomb shape. The Tarkhankut
peninsula forms the Crimean western coast; the Kerch
peninsula forms the eastern coast. At the north the Crimea is adjoined to
the Kherson region of Ukraine by the Perecop isthmus. It is 200 km between the north and
the south of the peninsula and 325 km – between the west and the east.
Sea borders surpass in the Crimea, coastline length is about 1000 km.
Population
General
quantity of the population of the region is 2135 thousand of people,
density of population – 82 people on sq km. There are 16 towns, 56 settlements,
957 villages. The largest cities are – Simferopol, Yevpatoriya, Sevastopol, Kerch, Dzhankoy, Feodosiya, Yalta.
Economic
potential
Industry
The most important
position in the structure of industrial production of the AR Crimea take
food, chemical and oil-chemical fields, mechanical engineering and metal
working, fuel industries. In the structure of consumer goods production
the volume of food industry constitutes 60 %. In general 291 industry
enterprises in the region have independent budget, function 1002 small
business enterprises.
Agriculture
The main
branches of vegetation production are cereals, vegetable-growing,
gardening, wine-making; cattle breeding - dairy cattle, poultry keeping,
sheep breeding. In 1999 gross grain yield amounted about 970,0ths. tons,
sugar-beet – 0,5 ths. tons,
sunflower seeds – 49,1 ths. tons,
potatoes – 229,1 ths. t. It also produced 95,5ths. t
of meat, 423,8 ths. t
of milk and 436,2 mln. of
eggs. At the beginning of 1999 1388 farming developed in the Crimea.
Culture and
traditions
The network
of culture and art organizations of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
includes: 881public libraries of all departments; 712 clubs; 25 museums
(with filial branches); 3 concert organizations; 76 schools of aesthetic
education; 4 colleges. There are also: Crimean Academic Russian Drama
theatre named by Gorky M., Crimean Ukrainian Music theatre, Drama Music
theatre of the Crimean Tatars, the State theatre of Chamber music, the
Crimean Puppet theatre. The famous museums are: the Crimean Republican
museum of local lore, history and economy, the Simferopol
Art Gallery, Palace, museum in Livadiya, House
- museum of Chehov A.P. (Yalta), House - museum
of Voloshin M.A. (Koktebel),
Museum of arts of the Crimean Tatars, the Bakhchisaray
state historical -cultural reserve, Kerch state
historical - cultural reserve, Alupka state
natural-park museum, Natural-archeological
reserve "Kalos-Limen".
About 3820 historical cultural
monuments are situated in the Crimean peninsula (except Sevastopol);
there are many ancient cities ruins, for example, the capital of
Scythians imperia - Scythian Naples (in Simferopol);
antique cities such as: Chersonesos, Pantikapaion, Nimfey, Kerkinitida, Mirmeky, Cimmeric; ancient Byzantine settlements: Gorzouvites, Aluston; the
so called " cave cities ": Mangoup,
Calais, Eski-Kermen, etc. There are many
architectural monuments with the eclectic mixture of the Middle East,
Byzantium, Armenia styles what is typical for Crimean premises.
Nature and
ecology
The Crimean peninsula differs by its
diversified natural landscapes. On the north there are steppes; on the
south of the peninsula – Crimean mountains covered with forests. Crimean
mountains form three ridges running from Sevastopol to Feodosiya. The highest of them are in the framework
of the Main ridge or Southern ridge. Here is the highest Crimean Ridge
with the maximum height - 1545 m (Roman-Cosh).
A climate of northern plain part of Crimea is moderately –
continental, average temperature of January balances from : -0,1 to
-2,9°C, of July : from +22,1 to +23,8° C. Southern coast climate is
Mediterranean, Average temperature of January reaches +4° Ñ, July +24° Ñ.
Quantity of warmth and humidity refer the Crime to quite favourable
regions for agriculture development. In the line of the southern coast of
Crimean mountains there is a
coastline (from 2 to 5 km) with well known resorts :Yalta, Alupka, Symejiz, Hurzuf, Miskhor, Livadiya, Foros, Alushta. The most favorable bays at the Black Sea coast are Sevastopilska and Balaklavska.
Contacts
Address:
Council of
Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea 13 Kirova Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine 95005
