The American College of Cardiology’s 55th Annual Scientific Session was held in Atlanta, Georgia (March 11-14, 2006). The meeting encompassed 4 days of live and poster presentations on topics related to the most recent advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This convention report highlights the live presentations that pertain to cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Topics range from novel considerations on the endocannabinoid system to controversial issues on the use of statins, as well as intervention considerations and strategies for the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia. The report ends with a summary of provocative new data from the RIO (Rimonabant in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders) program.