the Physical / Geographic
Environment

updated 2005 Oct 11

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INTRODUCTION In this section of the course we will discuss how the "geography" of the planet has a big big effect on international business. It is also very important for you to develop some personal knowledge of one or two regions of the planet that includes related several countries. In addition, you should develop a good sense of the world map and be able to quickly know the relationships of various countries to each other in terms of location, size, population and language
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www.swissarmy.com/ In class, we will have a discussion why Switzerland makes and exports "Swiss army knives", chocolate and watches (Rolex & Omegas) - in the context of the influences of the Geographic environment.

the watch above belongs to Keith Downing who is a recognized Omega watch expert and a  friend of WTGR.
See www.omegawallpaper.com for other such images.
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KEY
POINTS
The Physical and Geographical Environmental Forces. have, historically, a significant influence on Canada's International Business. The 4 biggest consequences of the geography of Canada is our ability to have products to trade in
  • forestry
  • agriculture
  • mining
  • marine 


WTGR

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forest products
- wood (dimension lumber - 2x4, 2x6, plywood, etc.)
- raw logs for processing pulp
- paper and newsprint
agriculture products
- grains & oilseeds, (Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta)
- beef and pork (Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta)
- dairy products (milk, milk powder & cheese) ,  (Ontario, Quebec)
mining,  minerals and oil & gas
- gold, uranium, copper
- in the form of ingots, and ore concentrates, and semi-processed metal products
- diamonds in NWT
- oil & gas in Alberta
marine products
- fish, crustaceans (lobsters, crabs)

AGRICULTURE

Since UTSC draws students from an urban region it is doubtful that many students in the class have personal experience living on a large farm - so it is understandable if the students do not think much about farming
- however, farming is extremely important to the Canadian economy and a large part of our international business and a consequence of the "natural gifts" of our geographical environment
- it is important that Canadians continue to have the ability to produce our own food at a price which Canadians can easily afford in order to maintain our independence and high standard of living

agriculture products
- grains & oilseeds, (Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta)
- beef and pork (Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta)
- dairy products (milk, milk powder & cheese) ,  (Ontario, Quebec)
 

Canadian Federation of Agriculture www.cfa-fca.ca

"The agri-food industry plays an important role in the economic health of the country. " CFA
- representing over $70 billion worth of goods and services.(1996)

According to the CFA, "There are five major agricultural production sectors in Canada. In order of importance to farm cash receipts, these are:"
o grains and oilseeds (34%) -wheat, durum, oats, barley, rye, flax seed, canola, soybeans, and corn - Globally, Canada produces 17% of the world's rapeseed, 5% of the world's wheat, 9.9% of the world's barley, 14% of the world's oats
o red meats (27%) -   beef cattle, hogs, veal, and lamb
o dairy (12%)
o horticulture (9%)
o poultry and eggs (8%)
 
 
Global Warming

an
international
business
issue

Global Warming has gone from being an Environmental Issue to an International Business Management issue as governments and large companies negotiate to do business within the recommendations of the Kyoto Accord.

Is Global Warming a reality - there are many arguments on both sides.
The pictures below show one side of the argument.

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Blomstrandbreen glacier 
in Norway in 1928
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Blomstrandbreen glacier 
in Norway in 2002

A picture represents a thousand words

from the Greenpeace site at  http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/photosvideos/slideshows/the-incredible-disappearing-gl
 
Global Warming

an
international
business
issue

October 2005

Canada hosts a United Nations climate meeting Nov 28 - Dec 9 in Montreal
The economic aspects are central to the agenda of topics discussed.

Several economic and political experts describe the Kyoto Protocol as flawed and the meeting in Montreal in October 2005 has, as part of its purpose, an intention to have a more fruitful round of negotiations.

It is understood that the Kyoto Protocol allowed so many exceptions to the guidelines that it became possible for the large industries of many countries to put pollutants into the air without consequence or action taken against the company.

The goals of the Canadian government, as expressed by several officials associated with planning the conference, are
1. Environmental Effectiveness - set long-term targets for reductions in greenhous gas emissions

2. Sustainable development - developing countries will need assistance to grow economically without industry creating a problem as these new economies industrialize
3. Broad participation - go beyond governments to allow big industry associations and industry sectors to participate
4. Encourage countries to trade emissions credits
5. Exploit the most advanced technologies to make energy production more efficient and reduce air pollution
6. Extreme weather - learn how to adapt to climate change and the consequence of severe storms

The story about the conference was carried in several media, including the Toronto Star. One of the best stories was an article Oct 11th by Peter Calamai

see 
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)  www.ipcc.ch 

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Global Warming in China  www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/chinareport.html
 
witiger.com
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