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Mathematician

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics.

Roles

Mathematicians not only study, but also research, and this must be given prominent mention here, because a misconception that everything in mathematics is already known is widespread among persons not learned in that field. In fact, the publication of new discoveries in mathematics continues at an immense rate in hundreds of scientific journals, many of them devoted to mathematics and many devoted to subjects to which mathematics is applied (such as theoretical computer science, physics or quantum mechanics).

Problem solving

Contrary to popular belief, mathematicians are not typically any better at adding or subtracting numbers, or figuring the tip on a restaurant bill, than members of any other profession - in fact some of the best mathematicians are notoriously bad at these tasks! On the other hand, there are also mental calculators -- prodigies at performing such calculations -- some of whom have moreover been great mathematicians.

Logic and Patterns

Mathematicians are typically interested in finding and describing patterns which may have originally arisen from problems of calculation, but have now been abstracted to become problems of their own. From much published research work of mathematicians, it may look as if the primary approach of a mathematician is to start with some given assumptions, often called axioms; and then proceed to prove other facts which follow from the assumptions according to exact rules of logic. That, however, is the finished product that gets published; it is not work in progress.

Differences

Mathematicians differ from philosophers in that the primary questions of mathematics are assumed (for the most part) to transcend the context of the human mind; the idea that "2+2=4 is a true statement" is assumed to exist without requiring a human mind to state the problem. Not all mathematicians would strictly agree with the above; the philosophy of mathematics contains several viewpoints on this question.

Mathematicians differ from physical scientists such as physicists or engineers in that they do not typically perform experiments to confirm or deny their conclusions; and whereas every scientific theory is always assumed to be an approximation of truth, mathematical statements are an attempt at capturing truth. If a certain statement is believed to be true by mathematicians (typically as special cases are confirmed to some degree) but has neither been proven nor disproven to logically follow from some set of assumptions, it is called a conjecture, as opposed to the ultimate goal - a theorem which is ultimately true. Unlike physical theories, which may be expected to change whenever new information about our physical world is discovered, mathematical theories are "static" - once a statement achieves the lauded position of a theorem, it remains true forever. There still exists experimental mathematics, where the truth of conjectures is probed by testing them on a number of examples, generally using computers.

Jokes

Several old jokes common amongst the scientific disciplines illustrate the difference between the mathematical mind and that of other disciplines. One goes as follows:

An engineer, a physicist, and a mathematician are all staying at a hotel one night when a fire breaks out. The engineer wakes up and smells the smoke; he quickly grabs a garbage pail to use as a bucket, fills it with water from the bathroom, and puts out the fire in his room. He then refills the pail and douses everything flammable in the room with water. He then returns to sleep.

The physicist wakes up, smells the smoke, jumps out of bed. He picks up a pad and pencil and makes some calculations, glancing frequently at the flames. He then measures exactly 15.6 liters of water into the garbage pail, and throws it on the flames, which are extinguished. Smiling, he returns to sleep.

Finally the mathematician wakes up. He too grabs a pad and begins furiously writing; glancing at the flames; and then writing more. After a while he gets a satisfied look on his face; entering the bathroom, he produces a match, lights it, and then extinguishes it with a bit of running water. "Aha! A solution exists" he murmurs - and returns to his slumbers.

History

Mathematics requires one to spend a long time just sitting and thinking to find something of a new approach. Hence, mathematicians need enough free time to pursue their interest. In fact, in history, mathematicians often come from a wealthy family. "Legend says that Archimedes was part of the royal family of Syracuse. The Marquis de l'Hospital (1661-1704) was rich enough to hire Johann Bernoulli to instruct him in the new calculus that was then sweeping Europe." (Dunham, 1994)

Demographics

As is the case in many scientific disciplines, the field of mathematics has been disproportionately dominated by men. Some people attribute this to the discouragement of women's active participation. There has been a belief, true or not, that women are not good at mathematical thinking. Among the few prominent female mathematicians are Emmy Noether (March 23, 1882 - April 14, 1935), Sophie Germain (1776 - 1831) and Sofia Kovalevskaia.

Quotes

...beware of mathematicians, and all those who make empty prophecies. The danger already exists that the mathematicians have made a covenant with the devil to darken the spirit and to confine man in the bonds of Hell.

-St. Augustine, De Genesi ad Litteram

A mathematician is a machine for turning coffee into theorems

-Paul Erdös

== Links and references ==

References

See also

External links


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