Wikipedia:Menyunting
Dari Wikipedia, ensaiklopedia bebas
Memerlukan bantuan untuk menterjemah laman ini.
Pengenalan
Wikipedia adalah WikiWiki, bermaksud semua orang boleh menyunting sebarang article dengan mudah dan serta merta.. Muka ini adalah untuk rujukan Wiki markup. Anda juga mungkin ingin belajar mengenai:
- Memulakan muka baru
- Petua untuk menyumbang ke Wikipedia
- Kerja menyunting secara umum di Wikipedia:FAQ menyunting.
- Preferred layout of your article at Panduan Lakaran (lihat juga Teks Acuan)
- Stail biasa di Panduan stail
- Polisi umum di Polisi dan panduan
- Cara menama untuk bagainama memberi nama kepada rencana.
- Jik anda menulis rencana tentang sesuatu yang tergolong dalam kumpulan tertentu, (bandar, benda astronomi, huruf cina...) periksa samada terdapat WikiProjek berkenaannya dan cuba ikuti arahannya.
- Akhirsekali, untuk senarai semua rencana mengenai suntingan Wikipedia lihat Senarai rencana ruangnama Wikipedia atau Senarai sama menurut topik.
Ianya amat mudah untuk menyunting muka Wiki. Hanya klik pada pautan "Edit this page" pada puncak atau bawah (juga di sebelah) muka Wiki untuk menukarkan mukasurat itu sendiri, atau klik pada pautan "Bincang muka ini" dan pada "Edit this page" untuk menulis pada Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page yang berkaitan. Ini akan membawa anda kepada muka dengan kotak teks mengandungi teks boleh edit untuk muka Wiki tersebut.
Kemudian taip sahaja, tulis Sunting ringkasan pada field kecil dibawah kotak-sunting dan apabila selesai tekan "Save"! Anda juga boleh prelihat suntingan anda sebelum menyimpannya jika anda suka. Bergantung kepada sistem anda, menekan 'Enter' ketika while the edit box is not active (there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing Save.
Tolong gunakan Sudut pandangan berkecuali, dan tolong Catit sumber anda agar orang lain dapat memeriksa dan mengembangkan hasil kerja anda.
Adalah lebih mudah untuk salin dan tampal teks dalam penyunting teks kegemaran anda, sunting dan periksa ejaan di situ, dan tampal kembali dalam browser untuk pratonton. Dengan ini, anda juga dapan menyimpan salinan tempatan laman yang anda sunting agar anda dapat membuat perubahan offline. Sebahagian penyunting teks boleh diubahsuai untuk menyunting rencana Wikipedia: lihatWikipedia:tonjol sintak.
Suntingan kecil
Apabila menyunting laman, pengguna yang login mempunyai pilihan untuk menandakan suntingan sebagai "minor edit". Bila menggunakan ini bergantung kepada kecenderungan individual. The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth relooking at for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely, so any "real" change, even if it is a single word is a major edit. This feature is important, because users can choose to hide minor edits in their view of the Recent Changes page, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.Sebab lain untuk tidak membenarkan pengguna yang tidak login untuk menandakan suntingan kecil adalah "Penjahanam' tidak dapat menandakan suntingan kecil, yang mana tidak disedari lebih lama. Sekatan ini adalah satu sebab lain untuk login.
Marking a real change as a minor edit is considered bad behavior, and even more so if it involves the deletion of some text. If one has accidently marked an edit as minor, make another edit, mark it major, and say "the previous edit was major" in the summary. As a trivial edit must be made for this purpose, just opening the edit box and saving (changing nothing) does not work, neither does adding a blank space at the end of a line or a blank line at the end of the page; in these cases the edit is cancelled and the edit summary discarded. However, one can e.g. add an extra space between two words, or a line break (changing the number of line breaks at that point from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3, not from 1 to 2); these changes are preserved in the wikitext and recorded as a change, although they do not change the rendered page.
The wiki markup
In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Sandbox.
Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines
What it looks like | What you type |
---|---|
Start your sections with header lines:
HeaderNew sectionSubsectionSub-subsection
|
= Header = == New section == === Subsection === ==== Sub-subsection ==== |
A single newline
has no effect on the layout.
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the diff function.
But an empty line starts a new paragraph. |
A single [[newline]] has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the ''diff'' function. But an empty line starts a new paragraph. |
You can break lines without starting a new paragraph. |
You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph. |
|
* Lists are easy to do: ** start every line with a star *** more stars means deeper levels |
|
# Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow |
|
* You can even do mixed lists *# and nest them *#* like this |
|
; Definition list : list of definitions ; item : the item's definition |
|
: A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph. |
IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ascii art and chemical structures; WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. |
IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ascii art and chemical structures; |
<center>Centered text.</center> |
|
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it
and this is below it. Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages. |
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it ---- and this is below it. |
Links, URLs, images
What it looks like | What you type |
---|---|
London has good public transport.
|
London has good [[public transport]]. |
Link to a section on a page, e.g. World_Heritage_Sites#Morocco (links to non-existent sections aren't really broken, they are treated as links to the page, i.e. to the top) | [[World_Heritage_Sites#Morocco]] | .
Same target, different name:
answers.
(This is a piped link.) |
Same target, different name: [[wikipedia FAQ|answers]] |
Endings are blended into the link: testing, genes |
Endings are blended into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s |
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom.
Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump. The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature. |
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]]. Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]]. |
When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
or four for user name plus date/time:
|
When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name: : ~~~ or four for user name plus date/time: : ~~~~ |
The weather in London is a page that doesn't
exist yet.
|
[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet. |
Redirect one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line. | #REDIRECT [[United States]] |
Articles can be linked to a page on the same subject in another language using a link like [[language code:Title]]. It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the the edit box ist recommended. See Wikipedia:Interlanguage links. | [[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]] |
External link: Nupedia | External link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] |
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com. | Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com. |
A picture:
|
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]or, with alternate text [[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]or, floating to the right side of the page. Place above the text to appear beside it. The caption is The Wikipedia logo. Use a width as wide as the image or a little wider. <div style="float:right;width:135px;margin:0 0 1em 1em"> [[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]] <small>The Wikipedia logo</small> </div>More at Wikipedia:Image_markup. |
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: Image:Wiki.png | [[:Image:Wiki.png]] |
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, or to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.
Sound Image of a Tornado |
[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]] [[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]] |
To link to books, you can use Wikipedia:ISBN links. ISBN 0123456789X | ISBN 0123456789X |
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as: Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page | [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] |
Character formatting
What it looks like | What you type |
---|---|
Emphasize, strongly, very strongly.
|
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''. |
A typewriter font for technical terms.
|
A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>. |
You can use small text for captions. | You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. |
You can |
You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>. |
Umlauts and accents: (See wikipedia:Special characters) è é ê ë ì í À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ |
è é ê ë ì í À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ |
Punctuation: ¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • — |
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • — |
Commercial symbols: ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ |
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ |
Subscript: x2 Superscript: x2 or x²
1 hectare = 1 E4 m² |
Subscript: x<sub>2</sub> Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x² ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] |
Greek characters: α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω |
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω |
Math characters: ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ (See also WikiProject Mathematics) |
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ → × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ |
x2 ≥ 0 true.
|
<i>x</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0 true. |
Complicated formulae: |
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> |
Suppressing interpretation of markup: Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]
|
<nowiki>Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki> |
Commenting page source: not shown in page
|
<!-- comment here --> |
Tables
Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC)
At the current status of the wiki markup language, at least four headers trigger the TOC in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Putting __NOTOC__ anywhere forces the TOC to disappear. See also compact TOC for alphabet and year headings.
HTML tables
HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to use them and discussion about when they are appropriate, see Wikipedia:How to use tables.
Variables
Code | Effect |
---|---|
{{CURRENTMONTH}} | 03 |
{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} | Mac |
{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} | Mac |
{{CURRENTDAY}} | 19 |
{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} | Jumaat |
{{CURRENTYEAR}} | 2004 |
{{CURRENTTIME}} | 18:37 |
{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} | 1384 |
NUMBEROFARTICLES: number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages).
See also
[[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2]