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Wikipedia:Menyunting

Dari Wikipedia, ensaiklopedia bebas

Memerlukan bantuan untuk menterjemah laman ini.

Pengenalan

Wikipedia adalah WikiWiki, bermaksud semua orang boleh menyunting sebarang article dengan mudah dan serta merta.. Muka ini adalah untuk rujukan Wiki markup. Anda juga mungkin ingin belajar mengenai:

Ianya amat mudah untuk menyunting muka Wiki. Hanya klik pada pautan "Edit this page" pada puncak atau bawah (juga di sebelah) muka Wiki untuk menukarkan mukasurat itu sendiri, atau klik pada pautan "Bincang muka ini" dan pada "Edit this page" untuk menulis pada Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page yang berkaitan. Ini akan membawa anda kepada muka dengan kotak teks mengandungi teks boleh edit untuk muka Wiki tersebut.

Kemudian taip sahaja, tulis Sunting ringkasan pada field kecil dibawah kotak-sunting dan apabila selesai tekan "Save"! Anda juga boleh prelihat suntingan anda sebelum menyimpannya jika anda suka. Bergantung kepada sistem anda, menekan 'Enter' ketika while the edit box is not active (there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing Save.

Tolong gunakan Sudut pandangan berkecuali, dan tolong Catit sumber anda agar orang lain dapat memeriksa dan mengembangkan hasil kerja anda.

Adalah lebih mudah untuk salin dan tampal teks dalam penyunting teks kegemaran anda, sunting dan periksa ejaan di situ, dan tampal kembali dalam browser untuk pratonton. Dengan ini, anda juga dapan menyimpan salinan tempatan laman yang anda sunting agar anda dapat membuat perubahan offline. Sebahagian penyunting teks boleh diubahsuai untuk menyunting rencana Wikipedia: lihatWikipedia:tonjol sintak.

Suntingan kecil

Apabila menyunting laman, pengguna yang login mempunyai pilihan untuk menandakan suntingan sebagai "minor edit". Bila menggunakan ini bergantung kepada kecenderungan individual. The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth relooking at for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely, so any "real" change, even if it is a single word is a major edit. This feature is important, because users can choose to hide minor edits in their view of the Recent Changes page, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.

Sebab lain untuk tidak membenarkan pengguna yang tidak login untuk menandakan suntingan kecil adalah "Penjahanam' tidak dapat menandakan suntingan kecil, yang mana tidak disedari lebih lama. Sekatan ini adalah satu sebab lain untuk login.

Marking a real change as a minor edit is considered bad behavior, and even more so if it involves the deletion of some text. If one has accidently marked an edit as minor, make another edit, mark it major, and say "the previous edit was major" in the summary. As a trivial edit must be made for this purpose, just opening the edit box and saving (changing nothing) does not work, neither does adding a blank space at the end of a line or a blank line at the end of the page; in these cases the edit is cancelled and the edit summary discarded. However, one can e.g. add an extra space between two words, or a line break (changing the number of line breaks at that point from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3, not from 1 to 2); these changes are preserved in the wikitext and recorded as a change, although they do not change the rendered page.

The wiki markup

In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.

You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Sandbox.

Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines

What it looks like What you type
Start your sections with header lines:

Header

New section

Subsection

Sub-subsection


= Header =

== New section ==

=== Subsection ===

==== Sub-subsection ====
A single newline has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the diff function.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph.

A single [[newline]]
has no effect on the layout. 
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the ''diff'' function.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
You can break lines
without starting a new paragraph.
You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.
  • Lists are easy to do:
    • start every line with a star
      • more stars means deeper levels
* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels
  1. Numbered lists are also good
    1. very organized
    2. easy to follow
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
  • You can even do mixed lists
    1. and nest them
      • like this
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
Definition list
list of definitions
item
the item's definition
; Definition list : list 
of definitions
; item : the item's definition
A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

  • This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on Talk pages.
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.





IF a line starts with a space THEN
  it will be formatted exactly 
    as typed;
  in a fixed-width font;
  lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
  * pasting preformatted text;
  * algorithm descriptions;
  * program source code
  * ascii art and chemical structures;

WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.

 IF a line starts with a space THEN
   it will be formatted exactly 
     as typed;
   in a fixed-width font;
   lines won't wrap;
 ENDIF
 this is useful for:
   * pasting preformatted text;
   * algorithm descriptions;
   * program source code
   * ascii art and chemical structures;
Centered text.
<center>Centered text.</center>
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it
and this is below it.

Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.

A horizontal dividing line: this is above it
----
and this is below it. 

Links, URLs, images

.
What it looks like What you type
London has good public transport.
  • First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
  • Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
Thus the link above is to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the article with the name "Public transport". See also Wikipedia:Canonization.
London has good [[public transport]].
Link to a section on a page, e.g. World_Heritage_Sites#Morocco (links to non-existent sections aren't really broken, they are treated as links to the page, i.e. to the top) [[World_Heritage_Sites#Morocco]]
Same target, different name: answers.
(This is a piped link.)
Same target, different name: 
[[wikipedia FAQ|answers]]
Endings are blended into the link: testing, genes
Endings are blended 
into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom.

Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump.

The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]]. 
Automatically hide namespace: 
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].
When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name:
Montrealais
or four for user name plus date/time:
Montrealais 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~
The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet.
  • You can create it by clicking on the link.
  • To create a new page:
    1. Create a link to it on some other page.
    2. Save that page.
    3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
  • Have a look at how to start a page guide and Wikipedia's naming conventions.
  • After creating a page, search for its title and make sure that everyone correctly links to it.
[[The weather in London]] is a page 
that doesn't exist yet.
Redirect one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line.
#REDIRECT [[United States]]
Articles can be linked to a page on the same subject in another language using a link like [[language code:Title]]. It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the the edit box ist recommended. See Wikipedia:Interlanguage links. [[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]]
External link: Nupedia
External link: 
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
  • In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII).
Or just give the URL: 
http://www.nupedia.com.
A picture: Wikipedia Encyclopedia
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]
or, with alternate text
[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]] 
or, floating to the right side of the page. Place above the text to appear beside it. The caption is The Wikipedia logo. Use a width as wide as the image or a little wider.
<div
style="float:right;width:135px;margin:0 0 1em 1em">
[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]
<small>The Wikipedia logo</small>
</div>
More at Wikipedia:Image_markup.
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: Image:Wiki.png


[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, or to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.
Sound

Image of a Tornado


[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]

To link to books, you can use Wikipedia:ISBN links. ISBN 0123456789X ISBN 0123456789X
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:
Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]]

Character formatting

What it looks like What you type
Emphasize, strongly, very strongly.
  • These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
  • Note that on almost all browsers, these have the same function as bold and italic
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', 
'''''very strongly'''''.
A typewriter font for technical terms.
  • for semantic reasons, <code> should be used instead when writing computer programs
A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
You can use small text for captions.
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.
You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.
Umlauts and accents:
(See wikipedia:Special characters)
è é ê ë ì í

À Á Â Ã Ä Å
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù
Ú Û Ü ß à á
â ã ä å æ ç
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô
œ õ ö ø ù ú
û ü ÿ


è é ê ë ì í
&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring; 
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml; 
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve; 
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave; 
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute; 
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil; 
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc; 
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute; 
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;
Punctuation:
¿ ¡ « » § ¶
† ‡ • —

&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &mdash;
Commercial symbols:
™ © ® ¢ € ¥
£ ¤

&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; 
&pound; &curren;
Subscript: x2
Superscript: x2 or x²
  • The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C² / J m.

1 hectare = 1 E4 m²
Subscript: x<sub>2</sub>
Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x&sup2;







&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]
Greek characters:
α β γ δ ε ζ
η θ ι κ λ μ ν
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta; 
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu; 


&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho;  &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi; 
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
Math characters:
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔
(See also WikiProject Mathematics)
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr;
x2   ≥   0 true.
  • To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - &nbsp;.
  • &nbsp; also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.
<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.
Complicated formulae:
  \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}
  
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
Suppressing interpretation of markup:
Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]
  • Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
  • Escapes all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
  • Does not escape HTML character entities.
<nowiki>Link &rarr; (<i>to</i>) 
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>
Commenting page source:
not shown in page
  • Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
<!-- comment here -->

Tables

Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC)

At the current status of the wiki markup language, at least four headers trigger the TOC in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Putting __NOTOC__ anywhere forces the TOC to disappear. See also compact TOC for alphabet and year headings.

HTML tables

HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to use them and discussion about when they are appropriate, see Wikipedia:How to use tables.

Variables

CodeEffect
{{CURRENTMONTH}} 03
{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} Mac
{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} Mac
{{CURRENTDAY}} 19
{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} Jumaat
{{CURRENTYEAR}} 2004
{{CURRENTTIME}} 18:37
{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} 1384

NUMBEROFARTICLES: number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages).

See also

[[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2]


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