Observing and Modeling African Storms
Regional climate models give more detailed structure to the spatial distributions of weather variables. After a few days of initial tuning, one GISS model simulates realistic weather scenarios such as summer storms over West Africa. (7/04)
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Atmospheric Tango
Ozone affects climate, and climate affects ozone. Temperature, humidity, winds, and the presence of other chemicals in the atmosphere influence ozone formation, and the presence of ozone, in turn, affects those atmospheric constituents. (3/04)
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GISS Model E Source Code
The new GISS coupled atmosphere-ocean model has been frozen and the FORTRAN 90 code is available for download. The model is a complete rewrite of the GISS Model II', with improved physics and flexibility and more options. (3/04)
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The Sun vs. the Volcano
Over the past 150 years, human activities have changed many aspects of the atmosphere that influence climate. Before then, climate change was simpler; decadal and centennial variations were driven only by volcanic eruptions and solar variability. (1/04)
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Clouds and Sulfate Aerosols
Our ability to predict future climate change hinges on our understanding of aerosols. One of the most important aerosol, sulfate, cools the climate by reflecting sunlight and by serving as condensation points for clouds which also reflect sunlight. (1/04)
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As Pure as Snow
An electron microscope reveals that the typical snowflake contains thousands of aerosols, including soot. The effect of soot on snow reflectivity is important and contributes to global warming and melting of glaciers and the polar icecaps. (12/03)
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